巴西央行拟出台措施遏制家庭债务攀升：研究按收入限制无担保信贷准入，强化放贷信息披露
巴西利亚——据路透社报道，巴西中央银行正在准备一揽子措施，以遏制不断上升的家庭负债，包括对放贷机构更严格的信息披露要求，并研究借鉴外国监管模式、按借款人收入限制无担保信贷的准入。两名参与讨论的人士向路透社透露了这一计划。
此举反映出政策层对家庭债务水平与无担保贷款快速扩张的日益担忧。央行此前已表示，计划公布收紧无担保信贷（包括信用卡贷款）监管的措施。据知情人士称，措施预计将逐步推出，初期方案不太可能包含提高资本金要求。巴西央行拒绝置评。
家庭财务已成为巴西总统竞选的核心议题。现任总统卢拉推出多项旨在提振消费者购买力的措施，而巴西家庭债务处于历史高位。卢拉在首轮投票中意外落后于右翼参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗，两人将于周日举行决选，近期民调显示博索纳罗略占优势。
路透社指出，数字渠道拓宽了信贷可及性并降低了借贷成本，但也让贷款的营销、审批与发放比以往更快，引发了对负责任放贷的疑问。一名消息人士称，正在考虑的方案之一，是要求放贷机构在发放信贷前更严格地评估借款人的财务状况。
Brazil's Central Bank Prepares Measures to Curb Household Indebtedness, Sources Say
BRASILIA — Brazil's central bank is preparing a package of measures to curb rising household indebtedness, including stricter disclosure requirements for lenders, while studying foreign regulatory models that limit access to unsecured credit based on borrowers' income, two people involved in the discussions told Reuters.
The move reflects growing concern among policymakers over household debt levels and the rapid expansion of unsecured lending. The central bank has already signalled it plans to unveil measures to tighten oversight of unsecured credit, including credit card lending. The measures are expected to be rolled out gradually, with any increase in capital requirements unlikely to feature in an initial package, the sources said. The central bank declined to comment.
Household finances have become a central issue in Brazil's presidential campaign, with President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva rolling out measures to boost consumers' purchasing power amid record consumer indebtedness in Latin America's largest economy. Lula unexpectedly finished behind right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro in the first round of voting, setting up a runoff on Sunday that recent polls show Bolsonaro narrowly favoured to win.
While digital channels have broadened access to credit and lowered borrowing costs, they have also made loans easier to market, approve and disburse than ever, raising questions about responsible lending, Reuters reported. One proposal under consideration would require lenders to conduct more rigorous assessments of borrowers' financial circumstances before extending credit.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：巴西利亚的巴西中央银行总部大楼。图片：© Banco Central do Brasil / CC BY 2.0，Wikimedia Commons
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