德国公布氢能市场加速方案：差价合约授权最高87亿欧元，4吉瓦发电装机将改造用氢
德国联邦经济与能源部（BMWE）10月19日发布氢能市场加速方案，共提出10项措施。经济部在发布中表示，氢能市场的发展目前面临重大挑战并出现延迟，主要原因是生产成本仍显著高于许多潜在应用行业愿意支付的价格。
资金方面，政府将通过碳差价合约（CCfD）提供15亿欧元支持，补偿企业转向气候友好型生产工艺所增加的成本；若招标预备阶段需求旺盛，该额度还可上调。政府草案同时提出最高87亿欧元的承诺授权，用于支持包括氢能在内的多种二氧化碳减排技术的差价合约，期限至2050年。
发电侧方面，经济部计划支持4吉瓦发电装机改造为氢能发电：其中2吉瓦将于2027年招标、计划自2040年起使用氢能，另2吉瓦将于2030年至2032年间招标、计划自2043年起改造。输氢网络方面，未来几年将有42亿欧元公共资金用于扩建；2025年已有500多公里核心氢气管网投入运行，另有约2200公里在建。
方案还提出首次建立低排放钢铁的引领市场：根据《海上风能法》（WindSeeG），海上风电机组须使用以可再生或低碳氢生产的钢材，经济部称此举旨在拉动氢能需求、推动市场发展。
Germany Unveils Hydrogen Market Acceleration Package: Up to EUR 8.7 Billion in Carbon Contract Authorisations and 4 GW of Power Capacity to Convert
Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWE) on October 19 introduced a package of 10 measures to accelerate the country's hydrogen market. The ministry said the development of the hydrogen market is currently facing major challenges and is being delayed, especially since production costs are still significantly higher than the willingness to pay of many potential application sectors.
On funding, the government will provide EUR 1.5 billion through carbon contracts for difference (CCfDs), which compensate companies for the additional costs of transitioning to climate-friendly production processes, and the envelope could be increased if demand is strong during the preliminary stages of the bidding round. The government draft also provides for up to EUR 8.7 billion in commitment authorisations to finance CCfDs supporting various carbon-reduction technologies, including hydrogen, through to 2050.
On generation, the BMWE plans to incentivise the conversion of power plants to hydrogen by supporting the technical retrofitting of 4 GW of generating capacity: 2 GW to be tendered in 2027, with hydrogen use scheduled to begin in 2040, followed by a further 2 GW to be tendered between 2030 and 2032, with conversion planned from 2043. On transmission, EUR 4.2 billion in public funding will be made available over the coming years to expand the network; more than 500 km of the core hydrogen pipeline network was operational in 2025, while an additional 2,200 km is currently under construction.
The ministry also intends to establish a lead market for low-emission steel for the first time. Under the Offshore Wind Energy Act (WindSeeG), offshore wind turbines must use steel produced with renewable or low-carbon hydrogen, a requirement the ministry says is designed to stimulate hydrogen demand and support the development of the market.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：德国一辆氢燃料电池公交车正在加氢，Icke68746 摄，CC0（Wikimedia Commons）
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