特朗普与第一夫人共同签署行政令 在 NIH 新设妇女健康部并组建白宫妇女健康工作组
华盛顿——10月19日中午，美国总统特朗普在白宫玫瑰园签署行政令《推进妇女健康、改善人生各阶段健康结果》（Advancing Women's Health to Improve Outcomes in All Phases of Life），第一夫人 Melania Trump 与他共同出席签署仪式。这项行政令由第一夫人推动，核心内容有两项：在国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health，NIH）内新设妇女健康部（Women's Health Division），并组建白宫妇女健康工作组（White House Women's Health Task Force），统筹联邦层面的妇女健康研究、预防、诊断、治疗与护理。卫生与公众服务部（Department of Health and Human Services，HHS）同日发布新闻稿，确认了上述安排。
行政令第2条要求，卫生与公众服务部部长经 NIH 院长，在90天内于 NIH 适当的所或中心内设立妇女健康部。新部门将与 NIH 既有的妇女健康研究办公室（Office of Research on Women's Health）协调工作，职责包括：加强对研究不足的妇女健康问题的科学审查；推进并协调人生各阶段的妇女健康研究，包括重复验证研究；推动创新与先进研究技术，缩短诊断时间，改善预防、治疗、专科服务、个性化医疗与协调护理的可及性；加强跨学科合作；改进数据收集方法，提高妇女和女童在临床试验中的参与度；对联邦资助对象问责，确保落实 NIH 关于将性别作为生物学变量纳入研究的政策；推动科研成果向联邦、州与地方层面的临床实践和公共卫生实施转化。
行政令第3条设立白宫妇女健康工作组，由卫生与公众服务部部长 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 与总统助理兼白宫办公厅主任 Susie Wiles 共同担任主席，成员包括战争部长、农业部长、劳工部长、教育部长、退伍军人事务部长、环境保护署 EPA 署长、食品药品监管局 FDA 局长、疾病控制与预防中心 CDC 主任、NIH 院长、高级卫生研究计划署 ARPA-H 署长和医疗保险与医疗补助服务中心 CMS 主任，工作组行政经费由卫生与公众服务部承担。据《纽约邮报》报道，工作组定于19日下午在白宫 Roosevelt Room 召开首次会议。
第一夫人在玫瑰园致辞中提出「第一夫人妇女健康创新五大支柱」：把研究经费投向寻找以独特方式影响妇女的疾病的治愈方法；运用超级智能（super intelligence）加深对女性生理的理解、加速医学发现；在严守严格安全标准的前提下，加速有前景的疗法从实验室走向女性患者；确保医学突破无论财务状况如何都可及、可负担；以开放的对话、教育与同情取代世代的沉默。她说：「前几代人争取的是妇女的权利；我们这一代将争取去发现治愈方法，确保每一位妇女都能健康、充实地度过一生。」她表示，这项行政令为美国妇女健康确立了新标准，使命要服务人生每一个阶段的女性——从刚起步的女童、承担复杂多重责任的母亲，到应当保有活力、尊严与独立的成熟女性。
特朗普在仪式上称赞第一夫人的「非凡领导力与能力」，表示她将帮助改善美国妇女和女童的健康。他说：「她们是母亲、女儿、姐妹、妻子；在本届政府之下，我们要让她们得到她们需要、也应得的照护与支持。」据《纽约邮报》报道，第一对夫妇在仪式上共同签署行政令、交换签字笔，特朗普随后举起文件、展示两人的签名。行政令第5条同时撤销前任政府的两项举措——2024年3月18日的第14120号行政令（推进妇女健康研究与创新）和2023年11月13日的总统备忘录（白宫妇女健康研究计划）。行政令列举需要加强研究的领域，包括心血管与心脏疾病、癌症、中风、阿尔茨海默病、自身免疫与炎症性疾病、骨质疏松、心理健康、慢性疼痛、子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、多内分泌代谢性卵巢综合征、不孕、孕产健康、更年期、神经系统疾病与衰老等。白宫情况说明称，新设的妇女健康部不会取代1990年设立的妇女健康研究办公室，而是承担更宽的职责、推动跨部门协调；行政令没有提出具体经费数字。据《今日美国》援引 NIH 数据，NIH 每年用于妇女健康的研究经费约为50亿美元、约占其年度预算的10%。
（GSM 据白宫行政令文本、白宫情况说明、第一夫人办公室发布与卫生与公众服务部 HHS 新闻稿）
Trump and First Lady Sign Executive Order Creating NIH Women's Health Division and White House Task Force
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump on October 19 signed the executive order "Advancing Women's Health to Improve Outcomes in All Phases of Life" at a Rose Garden ceremony at the White House, alongside First Lady Melania Trump, who championed the order. The order has two central elements: it establishes a Women's Health Division within the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and it creates a White House Women's Health Task Force to coordinate federal efforts on women's health research, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) confirmed the arrangements in a news release the same day.
Section 2 of the order directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Director of the NIH, to establish the Women's Health Division within an appropriate NIH institute or center within 90 days. The new division will work in coordination with the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health and is charged with increasing scientific review of understudied women's health conditions; advancing and coordinating research across all phases of life, including replication studies; promoting innovation and advanced research technologies to accelerate diagnosis and improve access to prevention, treatment, specialized care, personalized medicine, and coordinated care; strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration; improving data collection and the inclusion of women and girls in clinical trials; holding grant recipients accountable for the NIH policy requiring research to account for sex as a biological variable; and translating discoveries into clinical practice and public health implementation at the federal, state, and local levels.
Section 3 establishes the White House Women's Health Task Force, co-chaired by Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff Susie Wiles. Its members include the Secretaries of War, Agriculture, Labor, Education, and Veterans Affairs, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Director of the NIH, the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), and the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), with HHS funding the task force's administrative costs. The task force was scheduled to hold its first meeting on the afternoon of October 19 in the Roosevelt Room at the White House, according to the New York Post.
In her Rose Garden remarks, the First Lady set out her "First Lady's Five Pillars of Women's Health Innovation": directing research funding toward cures for diseases that affect women in a unique way; using super intelligence to deepen understanding of female biology and speed up medical discoveries; accelerating promising therapies from laboratories to female patients while maintaining strict safety standards; ensuring medical breakthroughs are accessible and affordable regardless of financial circumstances; and replacing generations of silence with open conversation, education, and compassion. "Previous generations fought for women's rights. Our generation will fight to discover the cures that will ensure a woman can live her life in health and to the fullest," she said. She said the order establishes a new standard for women's health in America and that the mission must serve women at every stage of life, from young girls to mothers to mature women who deserve vitality, dignity, and independence.
President Trump praised the First Lady's "extraordinary leadership and skills" at the ceremony, saying she would help improve the health of the nation's women and girls. "These are mothers, daughters, sisters, wives, and under the Trump administration, we're going to get them the care and support that they need and deserve," he said. The couple signed the order together and exchanged pens, and the president held the document up to show both signatures, according to the New York Post. Section 5 of the order revokes two actions of the prior administration: Executive Order 14120 of March 18, 2024 (Advancing Women's Health Research and Innovation) and the Presidential Memorandum of November 13, 2023 (White House Initiative on Women's Health Research). The order lists areas needing more research, including cardiovascular and heart disease, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis, mental health, chronic pain, endometriosis, fibroids, polyendocrine metabolic ovary syndrome, infertility, maternal health, menopause, neurological disorders, and aging. The White House fact sheet said the new division will not replace the Office of Research on Women's Health, established in 1990, but will carry a broader mandate coordinating agencies; the order does not specify funding amounts. The NIH spends about $5 billion a year on women's health research, roughly 10 percent of its annual budget, according to USA Today, citing NIH data.
(GSM, based on the White House executive order text, the White House fact sheet, the Office of the First Lady release, and the HHS news release)
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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