巴西宪法修正案正式颁布 终结「六休一」、工时上限分阶段降至40小时
巴西国会10月16日正式颁布宪法修正案，终结该国常见的「六天工作、一天休息」（6x1）排班模式，确立五天工作制。这项修正案此前于5月获众议院通过，10月14日获联邦参议院以75票赞成、1票反对在两轮投票中通过。
按新规，颁布约60天后，多数雇主须采用「五休二」排班，法定每周工时上限先降至42小时；12个月后再降至40小时，整个过渡期约14个月。修正案保证每周两天带薪休息、不因新排班削减工资，并保留每日8小时上限与加班费安排。集体协议可就特定情形作出例外安排，部分服务国家的外包企业有一年时间结束6x1排班。
政府估计，超过3700万正式部门劳动者将受益；工会方面的估算约为2200万至2680万人。总统卢拉在社交平台X上称，这是工人的「历史性成就」，让人们有更多时间休息、陪伴家人与照顾自己。参选总统决选的参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗此前曾反对该案，最终在表决前转而支持，并于近日表示当选后不会推翻这一改革。
大型商会则警告，新规可能使每小时劳动成本上升最高约22%，并称存在岗位流失风险。相关影响仍有待实施阶段观察。巴西总统决选定于10月25日举行。（GSM 据路透社报道）
Brazil Promulgates Constitutional Change Ending Six-Day Workweek
Brazil's Congress promulgated a constitutional amendment on Friday, October 16, 2026, ending the country's common six-days-on, one-day-off (6x1) work schedule and establishing a five-day workweek. The Senate approved the amendment by 75 votes to 1 on October 14, after the Chamber of Deputies passed it in May.
Under the new rules, about 60 days after promulgation most employers must adopt a 5x2 schedule and the statutory weekly cap falls to 42 hours, with a final reduction to 40 hours 12 months later — a 14-month transition. The amendment guarantees two paid days off per week without pay cuts and preserves an eight-hour daily ceiling.
The government estimates more than 37 million formal-sector workers could benefit; union-linked estimates range from about 22 million to 26.8 million. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called the change a historic victory for workers on X. Business groups warn the rule could raise per-hour labour costs by up to 22 percent. The reform comes ahead of the October 25 presidential runoff, in which Lula faces Senator Flávio Bolsonaro, who reversed his earlier opposition and voted for the amendment. (GSM, based on Reuters reporting)
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：巴西利亚国家大教堂夜景。 Photo by Steve Evans from Citizen of the World, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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