特朗普与习近平在韩国会晤达成经贸协议 中国暂停稀土管制、美国下调芬太尼关税
2025年10月30日，韩国釜山，美国总统特朗普与中国国家主席习近平举行双边会晤。白宫11月1日发布的情况说明说，特朗普本周在韩国与习近平达成了贸易与经济协议，协议内容包括中国叫停芬太尼前体化学品流入美国、实际取消现行与拟议的稀土等关键矿产出口管制、结束对美国半导体企业等的报复，并向美国大豆等农产品开放市场。
按白宫公布的中国行动清单，中国将暂停在全球实施其10月9日宣布的扩大版稀土出口管制，并为稀土、镓、锗、锑与石墨的出口发放通用许可，受益对象为美国终端用户及其全球供应商。中国还将暂停自2025年3月4日以来宣布的全部报复性关税，涉及鸡肉、小麦、玉米、棉花、高粱、大豆、猪肉、牛肉、水产品、水果、蔬菜与乳制品，并暂停或取消同期的非关税反制措施，包括把部分美国企业列入相关清单的做法。
采购方面，中国承诺在2025年最后两个月购买至少1,200万吨美国大豆，并在2026年、2027年与2028年每年购买至少2,500万吨，还将恢复购买美国高粱与原木。中国还将采取措施恢复安世半导体在华工厂的贸易，并终止针对美国半导体供应链企业的多项调查。
美国方面的行动包括：自2025年11月10日起，把为遏制芬太尼流入而对中国商品加征的关税下调10个百分点，并把对中国商品加征的高额对等关税的暂停期维持到2026年11月10日，暂停期内现行10%的对等关税继续有效；把部分301条款关税排除的到期日延至2026年11月10日；并自11月10日起，各暂停一年实施针对中国海运、物流与造船业的301条款应对行动与把上市实体关联企业纳入出口管制的新规。
（来源：白宫）
Trump and Xi Reach Trade Deal in South Korea: China Suspends Rare Earth Controls, US Cuts Fentanyl Tariffs
On October 30, 2025, in Busan, South Korea, President Donald J. Trump held a bilateral meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping. In a fact sheet published on November 1, the White House said Trump had reached a trade and economic deal with Xi in the Republic of Korea that week, including Chinese commitments to halt the flow of fentanyl precursor chemicals into the United States, effectively eliminate China's current and proposed export controls on rare earth elements and other critical minerals, end Chinese retaliation against U.S. semiconductor manufacturers and other major companies, and open China's market to U.S. soybeans and other agricultural exports.
Under the White House list of Chinese actions, China will suspend the global implementation of the expanded rare earth export controls it announced on October 9, 2025, and will issue general licenses for exports of rare earths, gallium, germanium, antimony and graphite for the benefit of U.S. end users and their suppliers around the world. China will also suspend all retaliatory tariffs announced since March 4, 2025, covering chicken, wheat, corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and will suspend or remove the retaliatory non-tariff countermeasures from the same period, including listings of certain American companies.
On purchases, China will buy at least 12 million metric tons of U.S. soybeans during the last two months of 2025 and at least 25 million metric tons in each of 2026, 2027 and 2028, and will resume purchases of U.S. sorghum and hardwood and softwood logs. China will also take measures to restore trade from Nexperia's facilities in China and terminate its investigations targeting U.S. semiconductor supply chain companies.
U.S. actions include lowering the tariffs on Chinese imports imposed to curb fentanyl flows by 10 percentage points effective November 10, 2025, and maintaining the suspension of heightened reciprocal tariffs on Chinese imports until November 10, 2026, with the current 10 percent reciprocal tariff remaining in effect during the suspension. The United States will extend certain Section 301 tariff exclusions to November 10, 2026, and will suspend for one year from November 10, 2025 both the responsive actions in the Section 301 investigation of China's maritime, logistics and shipbuilding sectors and the interim rule expanding end-user export controls to affiliates of listed entities.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：特朗普在韩国金海国际机场与习近平握手，2025年10月30日。白宫官方图，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: President Trump greets Chinese President Xi Jinping at Gimhae International Airport, South Korea, October 30, 2025. Official White House photo, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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