三名学者因阐释创新驱动的经济增长获2025年诺贝尔经济学奖

2025年10月13日，瑞典斯德哥尔摩，瑞典皇家科学院宣布，将2025年瑞典央行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖授予 Joel Mokyr、Philippe Aghion 与 Peter Howitt，表彰他们阐释了创新驱动的经济增长。奖金共1,100万瑞典克朗，Mokyr 独得一半，表彰他找出了经由技术进步实现持续增长的前提条件，另一半由 Aghion 与 Howitt 分享，表彰他们的创造性破坏式持续增长理论。

过去两个世纪，世界第一次见证了持续的经济增长，大量人口由此摆脱贫困。在此之前，人类历史的常态是停滞：偶有重要发现带来一时的改善，增长最后总会平息下来。三位得主用不同方法解释了这场转变为何可能，以及增长要继续下去需要什么。

Mokyr 用历史材料追溯持续增长成为常态的原因。他指出，创新要一项接一项地自我延续，人们不光要知道某样东西管用，还要有科学解释说明它为何管用，这一点在工业革命之前常常缺位。他还强调，社会要对新观念开放、容许变化。

Aghion 与 Howitt 研究的是另一条机制。两人在1992年的一篇文章里，为所谓的创造性破坏建了一个数学模型：更新更好的产品进入市场，原先卖旧产品的公司就被比下去。创新一边创造、一边破坏，由此产生的冲突必须以建设性的方式处理好，否则既有公司与利益集团会把创新堵住。经济学奖委员会主席 John Hassler 说，得主们的工作表明，经济增长不能被视为理所当然，必须维护创造性破坏背后的机制，才不至于退回停滞。Mokyr 任职于美国西北大学与以色列特拉维夫大学，Aghion 任职于法兰西公学院、欧洲工商管理学院与伦敦政治经济学院，Howitt 任职于美国布朗大学。

关联：委内瑞拉反对派领袖 Machado 获2025年诺贝尔和平奖

（来源：瑞典皇家科学院）

Three Scholars Win the 2025 Prize in Economic Sciences for Explaining Innovation-Driven Economic Growth

On October 13, 2025, in Stockholm, Sweden, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2025 was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt, for having explained innovation-driven economic growth. The prize amount is 11 million Swedish kronor, with one half to Mokyr, for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress, and the other half jointly to Aghion and Howitt, for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction.

Over the last two centuries, for the first time in history, the world has seen sustained economic growth, which has lifted vast numbers of people out of poverty. Before that, stagnation was the norm throughout most of human history: despite important discoveries now and again, growth always eventually levelled off. In different ways, the laureates explain why this change became possible and what is necessary for continued growth.

Mokyr used historical sources to uncover the causes of sustained growth becoming the new normal. He demonstrated that if innovations are to succeed one another in a self-generating process, we not only need to know that something works, but also need scientific explanations for why, which were often lacking prior to the industrial revolution. He also emphasised the importance of society being open to new ideas and allowing change.

Aghion and Howitt studied the mechanisms behind sustained growth. In an article from 1992, they constructed a mathematical model for what is called creative destruction: when a new and better product enters the market, the companies selling the older products lose out. The innovation is creative, but also destructive, as the company whose technology becomes outdated is outcompeted, and such conflicts must be managed in a constructive manner, or innovation will be blocked by established companies and interest groups. John Hassler, chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences, said the laureates' work shows that economic growth cannot be taken for granted and that the mechanisms underlying creative destruction must be upheld so that we do not fall back into stagnation. Mokyr is at Northwestern University in the United States and Tel Aviv University in Israel, Aghion is at Collège de France and INSEAD in Paris and the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Howitt is at Brown University in the United States.

Related: Venezuelan Opposition Leader Machado Wins the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize

(Source: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences)

来源：瑞典皇家科学院

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：Joel Mokyr 在斯德哥尔摩发表诺贝尔讲座。Karen Zhou，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Joel Mokyr delivering his Nobel Prize lecture in Stockholm. By Karen Zhou, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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