特朗普签署公告全面暂停12国公民入境、另对7国公民设限
2025年6月4日，美国总统特朗普在位于华盛顿特区的白宫签署公告，全面暂停12个国家的公民入境美国，并对另外7个国家的公民实施部分入境限制。白宫说，此举是为防范外国恐怖分子以及其他国家安全和公共安全威胁，公告于6月9日凌晨0时01分生效。
全面暂停入境的12个国家是阿富汗、缅甸、乍得、刚果共和国、赤道几内亚、厄立特里亚、海地、伊朗、利比亚、索马里、苏丹和也门。白宫说，这些国家在筛查与背景核查方面存在缺陷，被认定对美国构成很高的风险，其公民以移民和非移民身份入境均被暂停。公告列举的理由包括：有的国家缺乏有能力、可合作的签发护照与民事证件的主管机关，有的签证逾期滞留率很高，有的有严重的恐怖主义存在或属于支持恐怖主义国家，有的长期拒绝接收被遣返的本国公民。例如乍得的商务旅游签证逾期滞留率为49.54%，学生与交流访问者签证逾期滞留率为55.64%。
受到部分限制的7个国家是布隆迪、古巴、老挝、塞拉利昂、多哥、土库曼斯坦和委内瑞拉，其公民的移民入境以及持商务、旅游、学生和交流访问者等签证的入境被暂停。公告同时设有例外：合法永久居民、已持有有效签证者、某些签证类别人员，以及入境符合美国国家利益的个人，不受暂停影响。
这项公告源于特朗普2025年1月20日签署的第14161号行政令。依该行政令，美国国家安全机构对各国构成的风险做了全面评估，国务院牵头提交报告后，特朗普作出上述决定。白宫说，法律依据是《移民与国籍法》第212(f)条，最高法院曾在 Trump v. Hawaii 一案中维持总统依该条实施入境限制的权力。公告要求有关部门在90天内、此后每180天向总统报告这些暂停应继续、终止、修改还是补充。
特朗普说：“我们将恢复旅行禁令，有人称之为特朗普旅行禁令，把激进的伊斯兰恐怖分子挡在我们的国家之外，这项禁令得到了最高法院的支持。”他在第一任期内曾实施针对多国的旅行禁令，白宫说这次公告是在第一任期禁令的基础上，依据对当前全球筛查、核查与安全风险的最新评估制定的。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Proclamation Fully Suspending Entry From 12 Countries and Restricting 7 Others
On June 4, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed a proclamation at the White House in Washington, D.C., fully suspending the entry of nationals of 12 countries into the United States and partially restricting entry for nationals of 7 others. The White House said the move was intended to protect the nation from foreign terrorists and other national security and public safety threats. The proclamation took effect at 12:01 a.m. on June 9.
The 12 countries subject to a full suspension are Afghanistan, Burma, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen. The White House said those countries were found deficient in screening and vetting and determined to pose a very high risk to the United States, and entry of their nationals as immigrants and nonimmigrants was suspended. The stated reasons included the lack of a competent or cooperative authority for issuing passports and civil documents, high visa overstay rates, a significant terrorist presence or state sponsorship of terrorism, and a historical refusal to accept back removable nationals. Chad, for example, had a business and tourist visa overstay rate of 49.54 percent and a student and exchange visitor visa overstay rate of 55.64 percent.
The 7 countries subject to partial restrictions are Burundi, Cuba, Laos, Sierra Leone, Togo, Turkmenistan, and Venezuela; entry of their nationals as immigrants and on business, tourist, student, and exchange visitor visas was suspended. The proclamation includes exceptions for lawful permanent residents, existing visa holders, certain visa categories, and individuals whose entry serves U.S. national interests.
The proclamation followed Executive Order 14161, signed on January 20, 2025, under which national security agencies conducted a full assessment of the risks countries posed and the Secretary of State submitted a report. The White House said the legal basis is section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and that the Supreme Court upheld the President’s authority to impose entry restrictions under that provision in Trump v. Hawaii. The proclamation directs officials to report to the President in 90 days, and every 180 days thereafter, on whether the suspensions should be continued, terminated, modified, or supplemented.
“We will restore the travel ban, some people call it the Trump travel ban, and keep the radical Islamic terrorists out of our country that was upheld by the Supreme Court,” President Trump said. He had implemented a travel ban covering several countries in his first term, and the White House said the new proclamation builds on that ban with an updated assessment of current global screening, vetting, and security risks.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的白宫南立面与南草坪。Ad Meskens 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The south facade of the White House and the South Lawn in Washington. Photo by Ad Meskens, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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