美国与乌克兰签署协议：设立美乌重建投资基金
美国与乌克兰2025年4月30日在华盛顿签署协议，设立「美国—乌克兰重建投资基金」。协议由乌克兰第一副总理兼经济部长尤利娅·斯维里登科（Yuliia Svyrydenko）与美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）签署。美国财政部表示，这项经济伙伴关系是对美国人民自俄罗斯全面入侵以来为乌克兰防务提供大量财政与物资支持的确认，两国将合作投资，加快乌克兰的经济复苏。
贝森特在宣布签署时说：「感谢特朗普总统为争取持久和平所作的不懈努力，我很高兴宣布签署今天这项历史性的经济伙伴关系协议。」他说，这项协议向俄罗斯发出了明确信号：特朗普政府致力于一个以自由、主权、繁荣的乌克兰为核心的长期和平进程；「任何资助或供应了俄罗斯战争机器的国家或个人，都不得从乌克兰的重建中获益。」财政部与美国国际开发金融公司（DFC）将与乌克兰政府合作，敲定基金的治理安排、推动这项伙伴关系落地。
按乌克兰政府公布的协议要点，乌克兰方面将以新颁发许可证（关键矿产、石油与天然气）未来收入的50%向基金注资，已有项目和已列入预算的收入不计入；美国方面以直接资金或新增军事援助注资，只计今后的援助、不追溯既往军援。基金资金只投资于乌克兰境内，用于资源开发项目与基础设施重建；头10年的利润全数再投资于乌克兰经济，其后才可在伙伴之间分配。
协议同时确认，乌克兰保留其地下资源、领海与自然资源的全部所有权，开发地点与条件由乌克兰决定；基金由两国对等治理、双方决策权平等；基金出资与收益在乌克兰和美国均免税。协议本身还须经乌克兰议会批准，基金运作只需对乌克兰预算法作有限修改。（来源：美国财政部）
United States and Ukraine Sign Agreement Establishing Reconstruction Investment Fund
The United States and Ukraine signed an agreement in Washington on April 30, 2025, establishing the United States-Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund. The agreement was signed by Ukraine's First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy Yuliia Svyrydenko and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent. The Treasury Department said the economic partnership recognizes the significant financial and material support the American people have provided to the defense of Ukraine since Russia's full-scale invasion, and positions the two countries to invest together to accelerate Ukraine's economic recovery.
"Thanks to President Trump's tireless efforts to secure a lasting peace, I am glad to announce the signing of today's historic economic partnership agreement," Bessent said in announcing the signing. He said the agreement "signals clearly to Russia that the Trump Administration is committed to a peace process centered on a free, sovereign, and prosperous Ukraine over the long term," and that "no state or person who financed or supplied the Russian war machine will be allowed to benefit from the reconstruction of Ukraine." The Treasury Department and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) will work together with the Government of Ukraine to finalize program governance and advance the partnership.
Under the terms published by the Ukrainian government, Ukraine will contribute 50 percent of future revenues from newly issued licenses for critical minerals, oil and gas, while existing projects and budgeted revenues are excluded. The United States will contribute through direct financial input or new military assistance, counting further assistance only, not past aid. The Fund's resources will be invested exclusively in Ukraine, in extraction projects and infrastructure reconstruction, and profits will be fully reinvested in Ukraine's economy for the first 10 years before they may be distributed between the partners.
The agreement also confirms that Ukraine retains full ownership of its subsoil, territorial waters and natural resources, and alone determines where resources are developed. The Fund will be governed on a parity basis, with equal decision-making power for both sides, and contributions and income will be exempt from taxation in both countries. The agreement itself is subject to ratification by the Ukrainian Parliament, and the Fund's operation requires only limited amendments to Ukraine's Budget Code. (Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury)
来源：美国财政部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国财政部大楼正面与加勒廷雕像（资料图）。图：Sealy j，CC BY-SA 4.0，via Wikimedia Commons / Photo: The U.S. Treasury Building in Washington with the Albert Gallatin statue (file photo). Photo: Sealy j, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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