特朗普签署行政令：美国退出《巴黎协定》并停止国际气候融资
2025年1月20日，美国总统特朗普在华盛顿白宫签署第14162号行政令《在国际环境协议中美国优先》，宣布美国退出《巴黎协定》，并指示美国驻联合国大使立即向联合国秘书长提交退出的正式通知。这是特朗普就职首日签署的一系列行政令之一。
行政令称，《巴黎协定》是在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下达成的一项协议。按行政令，美国退出《巴黎协定》，并退出美国已加入的、在该公约之下的任何协议、文书、承诺与义务。行政令附录A附有特朗普致联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯的退出通知文本；通知提及，《巴黎协定》于2015年12月12日在巴黎通过。
在生效口径上，行政令写明：美国的退出将在向联合国秘书长提交退出通知时生效，美国视退出为在通知提交之时立即生效。按《巴黎协定》自身的退出条款，缔约方退出通常在通知提交一年后生效；本次行政令采用了与该条款不同的表述，称美方视退出立即生效。
财政方面，行政令要求停止或撤销美国在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下作出的一切财政承诺，并指示各机构停止或取消依据该公约下任何协议提供的资金拨付。行政令同时撤销《美国国际气候融资计划》及与之相关的一切行动与工作。
行政令还指示管理和预算办公室（OMB）主任在10天内发布指引，就冻结与回收此前按《美国国际气候融资计划》拨付的资金作出安排。
《巴黎协定》于2015年在巴黎举行的联合国气候变化大会上通过，确立了把全球平均气温升幅控制在工业化前水平以上2摄氏度之内、并努力限制在1.5摄氏度之内的目标，美国于2016年加入该协定。特朗普在其第一任期内曾宣布美国退出该协定，美国其后退出；拜登就任后于2021年带领美国重新加入。此次行政令是美国第二次宣布退出该协定。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Executive Order Withdrawing the United States From the Paris Agreement
On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14162, Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements, at the White House in Washington, announcing that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement and directing the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations to submit formal notification of the withdrawal to the U.N. Secretary-General immediately. It was among the series of executive orders Trump signed on his first day in office.
The order describes the Paris Agreement as an agreement concluded under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Under the order, the United States withdraws from the Paris Agreement and from any agreement, pact, instrument or obligation the United States has undertaken under that convention. Appendix A of the order carries Trump's letter of notification to Secretary-General António Guterres; the letter notes that the Paris Agreement was adopted in Paris on December 12, 2015.
On timing, the order states that the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement shall be effective immediately upon the submission of the notification to the Secretary-General, and that the United States regards the withdrawal as effective at that moment. Under the withdrawal clause of the Paris Agreement itself, a party's withdrawal ordinarily takes effect one year after notification; the executive order adopts different language, stating the U.S. position that the withdrawal is effective immediately.
On funding, the order directs that all financial commitments made by the United States under the Framework Convention be halted or revoked, and instructs agencies to stop or cancel funding provided under any agreement concluded under the convention. The order also revokes the U.S. International Climate Finance Plan and all related actions and efforts.
The order further directs the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to issue guidance within 10 days on freezing and clawing back funds previously disbursed under the International Climate Finance Plan.
The Paris Agreement was adopted at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in 2015, setting the goal of holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees; the United States joined the agreement in 2016. During his first term, Trump announced a U.S. withdrawal from the agreement, and the United States subsequently left it; President Biden brought the United States back into the agreement in 2021. This executive order marks the second time the United States has announced its withdrawal from the accord.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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