拜登将逾6.25亿英亩海域撤出近海钻探租赁：覆盖东西海岸与墨西哥湾东部
2025年1月6日，美国总统拜登在华盛顿宣布，依据《外大陆架土地法》第12(a)条签署两份总统备忘录，将逾6.25亿英亩联邦海域撤出未来的石油与天然气租赁范围——涵盖整个美国东海岸外海、墨西哥湾东部、华盛顿州、俄勒冈州与加利福尼亚州外海的太平洋水域，以及阿拉斯加州北部白令海气候韧性区的其余水域。美国内政部称，这是美国历史上规模最大的一次海域撤出。
拜登在声明中说，这一决定反映了沿海社区、企业与海滩游客长期以来的共识：在这些海岸外钻探，可能对人们珍视的地方造成不可逆转的破坏，且对满足国家的能源需求并无必要。他还援引2010年「深水地平线」漏油事故为戒——那场事故造成11人死亡、数百万桶原油泄入墨西哥湾。内政部长 Deb Haaland 表示，此举回应了各州、部落与地方社区保护海洋与海岸的强烈要求。
白宫表示，撤出没有到期日，且不影响现有租约下的权利。内政部数字显示，联邦土地与水域的石油产量在2024年处于历史高位；2023财年外大陆架产油约6.75亿桶、天然气约7,960亿立方英尺，约占全美石油产量的14%，其中绝大多数产自墨西哥湾西部与中部水域，不在本次撤出范围内；《2024–2029年国家外大陆架油气租赁计划》中墨西哥湾的3次潜在出售也不受影响。
本次撤出区域的历史开发活动一直很低：美国大西洋东岸与北部白令海气候韧性区没有正在进行的油气勘探开发，南加州外海只有约30份数十年前的既有租约，墨西哥湾东部约有十余份。白宫表示，这些区域相对有限的化石燃料潜力，不值得以环境、公共健康与经济风险为代价去开发。
这一行动发生在拜登卸任前两周。据美联社报道，由于撤出依据的是法律授予总统的权力，后来者若要推翻，可能需要国会通过立法。
（来源：白宫）
Biden Withdraws Over 625 Million Acres of Ocean From Future Offshore Drilling Across Both Coasts and the Eastern Gulf
On January 6, 2025, President Joe Biden announced in Washington that, using his authority under section 12(a) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, he had signed two presidential memoranda withdrawing more than 625 million acres of federal waters from future oil and gas leasing — covering the entire U.S. East Coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific waters off Washington, Oregon and California, and the remainder of Alaska's Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area. The Department of the Interior called it the largest withdrawal in U.S. history.
In his statement, Biden said the decision reflected what coastal communities, businesses and beachgoers had long known: that drilling off these coasts could cause irreversible damage to places Americans hold dear and was unnecessary to meet the nation's energy needs. He also invoked the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which killed 11 people and spilled millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland said the action answered a strong and overwhelming call from states, Tribes and local communities to protect the nation's oceans and coasts.
The White House said the withdrawals have no expiration date and do not affect rights under existing leases. Interior Department figures show that oil production on federal lands and waters was at an all-time high in 2024; in fiscal year 2023 the Outer Continental Shelf produced about 675 million barrels of oil and about 796 billion cubic feet of natural gas, roughly 14 percent of all U.S. oil production — nearly all of it in the western and central Gulf of Mexico, outside the withdrawn areas. The three potential Gulf of Mexico lease sales in the 2024–2029 National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program are not affected.
Industry activity in the newly withdrawn areas has historically been very low: there is no active oil and gas exploration or development along the eastern U.S. Atlantic coast or in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, about 30 decades-old leases offshore Southern California, and about a dozen in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The White House said the areas' relatively limited fossil fuel potential did not justify the environmental, public health and economic risks of new leasing and drilling.
The action came two weeks before Biden left office. As the Associated Press reported, because the withdrawals rest on authority Congress granted the president by statute, undoing them would likely require an act of Congress.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉海峡的近海石油平台A（资料图）。（Doc Searls 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: Offshore oil Platform A in the Santa Barbara Channel, California (file photo). (Doc Searls, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
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