拜登以国家安全为由封杀日本制铁收购美国钢铁：限30天内彻底放弃交易
2025年1月3日，美国总统拜登在华盛顿特区白宫签署命令，正式禁止日本制铁公司（Nippon Steel）收购美国钢铁公司（U.S. Steel），理由是这笔交易可能损害美国国家安全。
命令依据1950年《国防生产法》第721条作出。拜登认定，有可信证据显示日本制铁及其子公司在完成收购后可能采取损害美国国家安全的行动，而第721条与《国际紧急经济权力法》之外的其他法律不足以在此事上保护国家安全。命令同时禁止任何实质相同的替代交易，并要求收购方与美国钢铁在命令发布后30天内采取一切必要步骤、完全且永久地放弃这笔交易（美国外国投资委员会 CFIUS 可延期），其间每周须向 CFIUS 书面证明合规；司法部长获授权执行该命令。
拜登在同日声明中说：「这笔收购会把美国最大的钢铁生产商之一置于外国控制之下，给我们的国家安全和关键供应链带来风险。」他说，强大的国产钢铁工业是国家安全的必要优先事项：「美国钢铁将继续是一家值得骄傲的美国公司——美国所有、美国运营，由美国工会的钢铁工人运营，他们是世界上最好的。」
日本制铁于2023年12月宣布以约141亿美元现金收购总部位于宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的美国钢铁。交易随后接受 CFIUS 的国家安全审查；该委员会未能就风险达成共识，于2024年12月把决定提交总统，拜登须在15天内裁断。美国钢铁工人联合会一直反对这笔交易，候任总统特朗普此前也公开表态反对。
两家公司对决定表示失望，称将采取一切适当行动维护自身合法权益。这笔交易就此告吹，美国钢铁的去向成为其后待解的问题。
（来源：白宫）
Biden Blocks Nippon Steel's Acquisition of U.S. Steel on National Security Grounds, Orders Deal Abandoned Within 30 Days
On January 3, 2025, at the White House in Washington, D.C., President Joe Biden signed an order formally prohibiting Japan's Nippon Steel Corporation from acquiring United States Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel), finding that the transaction might impair the national security of the United States.
The order was issued under section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950. Biden found credible evidence that Nippon Steel and its subsidiaries, through the acquisition, might take action that threatens to impair U.S. national security, and that laws other than section 721 and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act do not provide adequate authority to protect national security in the matter. The order also prohibits any substantially similar transaction, requires the purchasers and U.S. Steel to take all steps necessary to fully and permanently abandon the deal no later than 30 days after the order (a date the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, CFIUS, may extend), requires weekly written compliance certifications to CFIUS in the interim, and authorizes the Attorney General to enforce it.
In a statement the same day, Biden said: "This acquisition would place one of America's largest steel producers under foreign control and create risk for our national security and our critical supply chains." A strong domestically owned and operated steel industry, he said, is an essential national security priority: "U.S. Steel will remain a proud American company — one that's American-owned, American-operated, by American union steelworkers — the best in the world."
Nippon Steel had announced in December 2023 that it would acquire Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based U.S. Steel for about $14.1 billion in cash. The deal then underwent a CFIUS national security review; the committee could not reach consensus on the risks and referred the decision to the President in December 2024, leaving Biden 15 days to decide. The United Steelworkers union had consistently opposed the deal, and President-elect Donald Trump had also publicly opposed it.
The two companies said they were dismayed by the decision and would take all appropriate action to protect their legal rights. With the transaction blocked, the future of U.S. Steel was left an open question.
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国钢铁旗下 Edgar Thomson 钢铁厂（宾夕法尼亚州 Braddock，2018年摄）。（Myrichiehaynes 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: U.S. Steel's Edgar Thomson Steel Works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, in 2018. (Myrichiehaynes, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
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