韩国国会以192票弹劾代总统韩德洙：崔相穆接任代总统
2024年12月27日，韩国国会在首尔表决，以192票赞成、0票反对通过对代总统韩德洙的弹劾动议，韩德洙的职务随即停止。韩德洙是韩国国务总理，他在总统尹锡悦于12月14日被国会弹劾停职后接任代总统；此次表决使他成为韩国历史上首位被国会弹劾的代总统，副总理兼企划财政部长官崔相穆接任代总统。
据美国国会研究服务局（CRS）的事件时间线，争议的直接起因是宪法法院法官人选。12月27日，韩德洙拒绝批准国会提名的填补宪法法院九人合议庭三名空缺的人选，称执政党与在野党须先就代总统是否有权作出任命、以及人选本身达成一致；执政的国民力量党此前已抵制该提名表决，主张只有民选总统才有权批准法官任命。宪法法院当时只有六名法官在任，而维持尹锡悦弹劾需要九名法官中至少六名赞成，三个空缺的填补因此被视为关系到尹锡悦弹劾审判的走向。
表决门槛在投票前成为焦点。国会议长禹元植在投票前裁定，该弹劾动议只需简单多数即可通过，因为只有民选总统的弹劾才需要三分之二多数；韩德洙是以国务总理（内阁成员）身份接受弹劾表决。国民力量党议员抵制了此次投票，最终192名在野阵营议员全部投下赞成票，动议以192比0通过。
这已是韩国国会在两周内第二次通过弹劾。12月3日晚，尹锡悦宣布戒严，国会连夜以190票对0票要求撤回戒严令，戒严在约六小时后解除；12月14日，国会以204票通过尹锡悦弹劾案，尹锡悦总统职权即时停止，韩德洙接任代总统。韩德洙接任后还于12月24日拒绝颁布国会通过的两项法案，该两项法案授权设立特别检察官，分别调查尹锡悦与第一夫人金建希，朝野对立进一步加深。
同一天，韩国宪法法院就尹锡悦弹劾案举行了首次预备听证，国会与尹锡悦双方的法律代表到庭陈述主张、出示证人与证据清单并协调后续日程，下一场听证定于2025年1月3日举行；尹锡悦本人未出席该次听证。按韩国法律，宪法法院须在受理弹劾案后180天内作出裁决。
韩德洙的弹劾案同样将送交宪法法院审理裁决。在此之前，代行总统与国务总理职权的崔相穆已于12月31日批准国会三名宪法法院法官人选中两人的任命，其中一人由共同民主党提出、一人由国民力量党提出。
（来源：美国国会研究服务局）
South Korea's National Assembly Impeaches Acting President Han Duck-soo 192-0: Choi Sang-mok Takes Over
On December 27, 2024, South Korea's National Assembly in Seoul voted 192 to 0 to impeach Acting President Han Duck-soo, and Han's duties were suspended. Han, South Korea's prime minister, had become acting president after President Yoon Suk Yeol was impeached and suspended by the Assembly on December 14. The vote made Han the first acting president in South Korean history to be impeached by the National Assembly, and Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok became acting president.
According to the timeline of events in a report by the U.S. Congressional Research Service (CRS), the immediate cause of the dispute was the appointment of Constitutional Court justices. On December 27, Han declined to sign off on the National Assembly's nominees to fill three vacancies on the Constitutional Court's nine-member bench, saying the ruling and opposition parties first had to agree on whether an acting president has the authority to make the appointments and on who should be appointed. The ruling People Power Party (PPP) had boycotted the nomination vote, arguing that only an elected president has the authority to sign off on judges. The court then had only six justices in office, while upholding Yoon's impeachment requires the assent of at least six of the nine justices, so filling the three vacancies was seen as bearing directly on the course of Yoon's impeachment trial.
The voting threshold became a focus before the ballot. National Assembly Speaker Woo Won-shik ruled before the vote that the impeachment motion required only a simple majority to pass, because only the impeachment of an elected president requires a two-thirds majority; Han was being impeached in his capacity as prime minister, a cabinet member. PPP lawmakers boycotted the vote, and all 192 opposition lawmakers present voted in favor, passing the motion 192-0.
It was the second impeachment passed by the National Assembly within two weeks. On the night of December 3, Yoon declared martial law; the Assembly voted 190-0 overnight to demand its withdrawal, and martial law was lifted after about six hours. On December 14, the Assembly passed Yoon's impeachment with 204 votes, Yoon's presidential powers were suspended immediately, and Han became acting president. After taking over, Han on December 24 also declined to promulgate two bills passed by the Assembly authorizing special counsels to investigate Yoon and First Lady Kim Keon Hee, deepening the confrontation between the ruling and opposition camps.
On the same day, South Korea's Constitutional Court held the first preparatory hearing in Yoon's impeachment trial, at which legal representatives of the National Assembly and of Yoon appeared to lay out their cases, present their lists of witnesses and evidence, and coordinate future proceedings; the next hearing was set for January 3, 2025. Yoon himself did not attend the hearing. Under South Korean law, the Constitutional Court must rule within 180 days of receiving an impeachment case.
Han's impeachment will likewise go to the Constitutional Court for trial and a ruling. Before that, Choi Sang-mok, serving as both acting president and acting prime minister, on December 31 signed off on two of the National Assembly's three nominees to the Constitutional Court, one proposed by the Democratic Party and the other by the PPP.
Related: South Korea Martial Law Lifted After About Six Hours as Assembly Votes 190-0 to Demand Withdrawal
(Source: Congressional Research Service)
来源：美国国会研究服务局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于首尔汝矣岛的韩国国会大厦正面，弹劾动议在这里表决通过。Caspian blue 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Front view of the National Assembly building on Yeouido in Seoul, where the impeachment motion was passed. By Caspian blue, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
- 2024-12-03 02:29韩国戒严令约六小时后解除：国会190票一致要求撤回
- 2024-12-14 16:31韩国国会以204票通过弹劾尹锡悦：总统职权即时停止
- 2024-12-27 18:46韩国国会以192票弹劾代总统韩德洙：崔相穆接任代总统本篇
