希腊伊克莱纳出土3300多年前线形文字B泥板残片：高约半英寸，或改写迈锡尼国家起源认识
美国密苏里大学圣路易斯分校（UMSL）11月14日发布，考古学家 Michael Cosmopoulos 团队在希腊西南部青铜时代遗址伊克莱纳（Iklaina）发现一小块刻有线形文字B的泥板残片，年代在3,300多年前，残片高仅约半英寸。Cosmopoulos 本周在雅典国家考古博物馆作了首次详细公开报告，讲座题为《重写迈锡尼 Messenia 的历史：伊克莱纳与皮洛斯王国的形成》。
线形文字B是已知最早的希腊语书写形式。在迈锡尼世界，书写是政府管理的工具，用于记录人员、土地、税收与物资。这块残片于2025年发掘出土，是伊克莱纳出土的第二块泥板，第一块于2010年发现。UMSL 表示，两块泥板提供了伊克莱纳存在本地行政记录的证据，而按传统观点，当时该地区已被涅斯托尔宫殿统治。
Cosmopoulos 表示，新发现进一步支持皮洛斯王国是在青铜时代晚期临近结束时由较小的独立国家合并形成的观点，而非自始由单一中心主导。伊克莱纳此前已出土巨型石砌建筑、壁画与较发达的基础设施，研究团队认为该城曾是一个独立国家的都城，约在公元前13世纪中叶被扩张中的皮洛斯王国兼并。
3,300-Year-Old Linear B Tablet Fragment Found at Iklaina, Greece: Barely Half an Inch Tall, It May Rewrite How the Mycenaean State Began
The University of Missouri-St. Louis reported on November 14 that archaeologist Michael Cosmopoulos and his team discovered a tiny clay tablet fragment inscribed in Linear B more than 3,300 years ago at Iklaina, a major Bronze Age site in southwestern Greece. The fragment is barely half an inch tall. Cosmopoulos gave the first detailed public presentation of the discovery this week in a lecture titled Rewriting the History of Mycenaean Messenia: Iklaina and the Creation of the Kingdom of Pylos, at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens.
Linear B is the earliest known form of written Greek. In the Mycenaean world, writing was a tool of government, used to record people, land, taxes and goods. The fragment was found in 2025 during an excavation led by Cosmopoulos, a Curators' Distinguished Professor at UMSL. It is the second tablet found at Iklaina, after the first was discovered in 2010. The two tablets provide evidence of local administrative recordkeeping at Iklaina at a time when, under the traditional view, the region was already governed from the Palace of Nestor.
Cosmopoulos said the discovery adds to growing evidence that the Kingdom of Pylos emerged through the consolidation of smaller, independent states towards the end of the Late Bronze Age, rather than developing under a single dominant center from the beginning. Earlier excavations at Iklaina uncovered monumental Cyclopean architecture, wall paintings and elaborate infrastructure, and the team believes the city was once the capital of an independent state before it was annexed by the expanding Kingdom of Pylos around the middle of the 13th century BC.
来源：密苏里大学圣路易斯分校
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图中是一块刻有线形文字B的迈锡尼泥板标本，与伊克莱纳新公布残片同属线形文字B泥板文物。 Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
