COP31前半程技术性磋商收官：公正转型草案被批太弱，非洲国家推动适应资金单列议程落空
第31届联合国气候变化大会（COP31）11月14日在土耳其安塔利亚行程过半，两个附属机构的技术性磋商当天收官：闭幕全体会议从原定17时一再推迟到20时才开，许多谈判轨道仍满是方括号分歧，有的连正式草案都还没有，多个难题留待第二周的部长级阶段解决。
谈判主席国澳大利亚气候部长鲍恩领导的团队周五发布了两份非正式文件，涉及本届峰会最具争议的两个问题：帮助工人与较贫穷国家摆脱化石燃料的「公正转型」机制，以及富国应出多少钱帮助脆弱国家适应更热的世界。公正转型草案提出一个两层机制，主要产出是一个知识枢纽、若干报告、一场年度会议，以及把各国的需求与现有支持「牵线对接」，不产生任何新资金。
环保团体对草案的批评毫不客气。化石燃料条约倡议组织的 Amiera Sawas 称这一机制「徒有其名」，多名谈判代表对草案把门槛定得如此之低表示震惊。另一份关于全球适应目标的草案提出，到2035年把适应资金增至每年至少1200亿美元，但附带了一个可以用「复审该目标」替代的选项；发展中国家自己的需求估算远高于这个数字。非洲国家谈判集团推动把「适应资金增至三倍」单列为一项议程，未能成功，该集团主席、加纳的 Antwi Amoah 已确认这一推动没有被采纳。
周六，数千名活动人士冒雨在安塔利亚游行。主席国周五还发布了一份关于峰会主决定草案的「意见汇总」，把各国想写入的内容先列成清单，从推进能源系统摆脱化石燃料到承认森林与海洋的作用都在其中，但没有一项已经谈妥；正式草案预计下周初出台，峰会定于11月20日闭幕。联合国气候主管斯蒂尔同日敦促各方加快谈判，本站已有报道。
关联：COP31气候峰会进入第二周：联合国气候主管斯蒂尔敦促各方加快谈判，化石燃料分歧未解
（来源：路透社）
COP31 Technical Talks Wrap Up the First Half: Just Transition Draft Attacked as Too Weak, African Push for a Standalone Adaptation Finance Item Fails
The 31st UN climate conference (COP31) reached its halfway point in Antalya, Turkey, on November 14, and the technical negotiations under its two subsidiary bodies wrapped up that day: the closing plenary was pushed back from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m., many negotiating tracks remained mired in bracketed disagreement, some had no formal draft text at all, and the hardest questions were left for the ministerial second week.
Late on Friday the presidency, led by Australia's climate minister Chris Bowen as president of the negotiations with Turkey as host, released informal notes on two of the summit's most contested questions: a “just transition” mechanism to help workers and poorer countries move away from fossil fuels, and how much rich countries should pay to help vulnerable nations adapt to a hotter world. The just transition draft proposes a two-tier mechanism whose main outputs are a knowledge hub, reports, an annual meeting and “matchmaking” of countries' requests with support that already exists. It creates no new money.
Campaign groups were scathing. Amiera Sawas of the Fossil Fuel Treaty Initiative called it a mechanism “in name only,” and negotiators said they were shocked by how low the draft set the bar. A separate draft on the global goal on adaptation proposes tripling adaptation finance to at least $120 billion a year by 2035, but includes an option to review that target instead; developing countries' own estimate of need is far higher. African negotiators also failed to win a standalone agenda item on tripling adaptation finance; Dr. Antwi Amoah of Ghana, who chairs the African Group of Negotiators, confirmed it was not adopted.
On Saturday, thousands of campaigners marched through Antalya in the rain. The presidency also published a summary of options for the summit's main “cover decision,” listing what countries want included, from advancing the transition away from fossil fuels to recognising the role of forests and oceans, with none of it agreed yet; a proper draft is due early next week, and the summit is scheduled to close on November 20. UN climate chief Simon Stiell urged negotiators to move faster the same day, as GSM has reported.
Related: COP31 Enters Second Week: UN Climate Chief Stiell Urges Speed as Fossil-Fuel Divide Persists
(Source: Reuters)
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：土耳其安塔利亚天际线资料图，COP31在该市举行。照片：Sharon Hahn Darlin 摄，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: File photo of the Antalya, Turkey skyline; COP31 is being held in the city. Photo by Sharon Hahn Darlin, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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