美国农业部推迟执行SNAP备货新规90天，零售商合规期限延至2027年2月2日
美国农业部（USDA）11月13日宣布，把补充营养援助计划（SNAP，粮食券）零售商备货新规的执行推迟90天：全美接受SNAP的商店原定11月4日的合规期限，顺延至2027年2月2日。纽约市长 Zohran Mamdani 同日在记者会上宣布这一结果，称这是他与特朗普总统、农业部长 Brooke Rollins 直接沟通的成果，延期适用于全美。
这项新规由农业部食品与营养管理局（FNA）今年5月发布、7月7日生效，要求按库存标准获授权的商店在乳制品、谷物、蛋白质、蔬菜水果四大类主食中，每类至少备齐7个品种，四类共28个品种，每个品种至少3件，合计84件，且至少三个类别中要有易腐食品。此前的标准是每类3个品种。新规源于2014年农业法案的要求，合规情况在商店申请授权与续期时核查；一旦因不达标被取消SNAP授权，须等6个月才能重新申请。
延期呼声主要来自小型商店。纽约市有1万多家社区小杂货店，Mamdani 在新闻稿中说，数百名店主向市府求助。他在记者会上表示，SNAP消费占这类小店营业额的15%至30%，货架与冷藏空间有限的小店难以在短时间内达标。Mamdani 11月2日曾致信 Rollins，要求把执行推迟6个月，并指出农业部迟至9月4日才发布新规的执行指引；12名共和党参议员与全美便利店协会（NACS）等行业组织此前也要求农业部宽限。农业部11月4日一度表示不延期，本周五改变决定。
农业部发言人在声明中说，便利店游说团体花了大钱反对一项确保儿童能吃到更健康食物的政策，「今天，本部再给零售商90天时间把事情做对」，并称无论邮编与社区，受助人都应能买到不只是果冻和肉干的食物。Mamdani 在新闻稿中说：「如果没有更多时间，许多这样的商店可能失去接受SNAP的资格，威胁它们的生计，也让家庭更难把食物端上餐桌。」他表示延期至少90天，市政府机构将与农业部合作，帮助店主获得所需的说明与资源。NACS 政府关系主任 Margaret Mannion 称，这是全美便利店零售商的胜利，并感谢特朗普总统、Mamdani 市长与 Rollins 部长给零售商更多达标时间。
延期适用于全美按新规执行的SNAP授权零售商，包括便利商店、小型杂货店与农贸市场。商店可利用这段宽限期备齐货源与储存设备，在2027年2月2日新的合规期限前达到备货标准。
USDA Delays Enforcement of SNAP Stocking Rule by 90 Days, Moving Retailer Compliance Deadline to February 2, 2027
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced on November 13 that it is delaying enforcement of its new Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) retailer stocking rule by 90 days: the compliance deadline for SNAP-authorized stores nationwide, originally November 4, moves to February 2, 2027. New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani announced the outcome at a news conference the same day, saying it resulted from his direct conversations with President Donald Trump and Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins and that the delay applies nationwide.
The rule, issued by USDA's Food and Nutrition Administration (FNA) in May and effective July 7, requires stores authorized under the inventory standard to stock at least seven varieties in each of four staple food categories - dairy, grains, protein, and vegetables or fruits - for a total of 28 varieties, with at least three units of each variety, or 84 units in all, and perishable food in at least three of the categories. The previous standard was three varieties per category. The rule implements a requirement of the 2014 farm bill, and compliance is checked when stores are authorized and reauthorized; a store that loses SNAP authorization for failing to meet the standards must wait six months to reapply.
The push for a delay came mainly from small stores. New York City has more than 10,000 neighborhood bodegas, and Mamdani said in a news release that hundreds of owners had sought help from City Hall. At his news conference, he said SNAP purchases account for 15 to 30 percent of such stores' sales, and that small shops with limited shelf and refrigeration space could not meet the standards in the short time given. In a November 2 letter to Rollins, Mamdani had asked for a six-month delay and noted that USDA did not issue guidance on the new requirements until September 4; twelve Republican senators and industry groups including the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS) had also sought more time. USDA initially said on November 4 that it would not extend the deadline, then reversed course on Friday.
In a statement, a USDA spokesperson said the convenience store lobby had spent millions fighting a policy that ensures children have access to more healthy foods, adding: "Today, the department will afford retailers 90 more days to get it right," and that recipients, regardless of ZIP code and community, should have access to more than jelly and meat sticks. In his news release, Mamdani said: "Without more time, many of these stores risked losing the ability to accept SNAP - threatening their livelihoods and making it harder for families to put food on the table." He said the extension would last at least 90 days and that city agencies would work with USDA to help store owners get the outreach and resources they need. Margaret Mannion, a director of government relations at NACS, called the announcement a victory for convenience retailers across the country and thanked President Trump, Mayor Mamdani and Secretary Rollins for giving retailers more time to comply.
The delay applies to SNAP-authorized retailers subject to the new rule nationwide, including convenience stores, small grocery stores and farmers markets. Stores can use the grace period to secure the necessary goods and storage equipment and meet the stocking standards before the new compliance deadline of February 2, 2027.
来源：美国农业部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国农业部总部惠滕大楼（华盛顿特区）。美国农业部官方照片，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons，本站联邦图库固定图。 / Photo: The Jamie L. Whitten Building, headquarters of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. USDA photo, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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