德国联邦议院通过情报改革法：联邦情报局获境外网络行动与有限破坏授权
德国联邦议院11月13日以309票赞成、190票反对、71票弃权通过情报体系改革法案，大幅扩大联邦情报局（BND）与联邦宪法保卫局（BfV）的权限，这是德国情报机构数十年来最大一次授权扩张。
新法允许联邦情报局在境外开展主动行动：侵入外国信息技术系统、关闭或操控敌方服务器、实施「黑客回击」，并在有限情形下进行破坏，包括使敌方武器系统失效。联邦宪法保卫局在严格条件下可秘密进入住所安装监控软件或排除武器，并扩大对加密通信的监控。
作为制衡，原负责监听审批的 G10 委员会由新的独立监督委员会取代，成员扩至12人，主动措施原则上须经其事先批准。内政部长多布林特称这是「世纪改革」。法案接下来送交联邦参议院。反对党选择党与左翼党投下反对票，绿党弃权；批评者警告新法可能限制新闻自由，不排除诉诸联邦宪法法院—该院2024年的一项裁决曾认定 G10 监督机制存在缺陷，并要求在2026年年底前完成改革。
（来源：德国之声）
Germany's Bundestag Passes Intelligence Reform Expanding BND Powers Abroad
Germany's Bundestag approved a sweeping intelligence reform on November 13 by 309 votes to 190, with 71 abstentions, greatly expanding the powers of the foreign intelligence service BND and the domestic agency BfV in the largest enlargement of German intelligence authority in decades.
The law allows the BND to conduct active operations abroad: penetrating foreign IT systems, shutting down or manipulating hostile servers, carrying out hackbacks and, in limited cases, sabotage, including disabling hostile weapons systems. The BfV may, under strict conditions, covertly enter homes to install surveillance software or neutralise weapons, and gains wider powers to monitor encrypted communications.
As a counterweight, the G10 Commission is replaced by a new Independent Control Council expanded to 12 members, which must generally approve active measures in advance. Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt called the package a “reform of the century.” The bill now goes back to the Bundesrat. The AfD and The Left voted against and the Greens abstained. Critics, including press-freedom groups, warn the law could restrict media freedom and may be challenged at the Federal Constitutional Court, whose October 2024 ruling faulting the G10 oversight system set a deadline of the end of 2026 for reform.
(Source: Deutsche Welle)
来源：德国之声
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：位于柏林的德国联邦情报局总部（CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons，本站裁切）。Headquarters of Germany's BND intelligence service in Berlin (CC0, via Wikimedia Commons, cropped).
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