退伍军人百万人计划已产出逾575项研究：钠摄入最高者糖尿病风险高11%
美国退伍军人事务部（VA）11月13日在华盛顿介绍其规模最大的研究计划「百万退伍军人计划」（Million Veteran Program，MVP）的最新成果：该计划自2011年启动以来，已有110多万名退伍军人参与，基于其数据发表的研究已超过575篇。
在糖尿病方面，一项研究使用了198,049名计划参与者的饮食信息与健康记录，这些参与者在研究开始时均未患糖尿病，健康记录平均覆盖约四年。结果显示，钠摄入最高的一组退伍军人患糖尿病的比率比钠摄入最低的一组高11%，钾摄入最高的一组则比最低的一组低13%。退伍军人事务部表示，这些发现可为今后制定个性化的生活方式与饮食支持、预防和治疗2型糖尿病提供参考。
在胆固醇方面，另一项利用该计划数据的研究识别出带有家族性高胆固醇血症遗传风险的退伍军人。这种疾病可导致胆固醇危险性升高，却常常未被确诊。一小组合格的退伍军人受邀参加临床检测，并与退伍军人事务部的遗传咨询师面谈，结果同时分享给本人及其医疗提供者。
在创伤性脑损伤方面，一项研究发现，同时有创伤性脑损伤史和高战斗暴露史的退伍军人，更容易报告若干慢性健康问题，其中与创伤后应激障碍以及记忆丧失或受损的关联最强。退伍军人事务部表示，这类发现有助于医疗团队对有相关经历的退伍军人做更有针对性的筛查、治疗与干预。
利用该计划数据的研究人员近期还发表了关于「9·11」后退伍军人有毒暴露、精神分裂症、肠易激综合征与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的研究成果。退伍军人事务部在介绍中向参与计划的110多万名退伍军人致谢，并表示完整的研究成果清单已在该计划网站公布。
（来源：美国退伍军人事务部）
VA Million Veteran Program Tops 575 Studies: Highest Sodium Intake Linked to 11% Higher Diabetes Rate
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) on Nov. 13 in Washington highlighted the latest results from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), its largest research effort: since its start in 2011, more than 1.1 million Veterans have taken part, and researchers using its data have produced more than 575 publications.
On diabetes, one study used dietary information and health records from 198,049 MVP participants who did not have diabetes at the start, with records covering an average of about four years. Veterans with the highest sodium intake had an 11% higher rate of developing diabetes than those with the lowest intake, while those with the highest potassium intake had a 13% lower rate. The VA said the findings may inform future personalized lifestyle and dietary supports to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes.
On cholesterol, another study using MVP data identified Veterans with a genetic risk for familial hypercholesterolemia, a condition that can cause dangerously high cholesterol and often goes undiagnosed. A small group of eligible Veterans were contacted and consented to clinical testing and a discussion with a VA genetic counselor, with results shared with them and their providers.
On traumatic brain injury, a study found that Veterans with a combined history of TBI and high combat exposure were more likely to report several chronic health conditions, with the strongest associations seen for PTSD and memory loss or impairment. The VA said the findings can help care teams consider appropriate screening, treatment and intervention for Veterans with such histories.
Researchers using MVP data also recently published findings on toxic exposures in post-9/11 Veterans, schizophrenia, irritable bowel syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. The VA thanked the more than 1.1 million Veterans in the program and said the full list of recent findings is published on the program's website.
(Source: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)
来源：美国退伍军人事务部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国退伍军人事务部总部大楼（GSM 联邦核心图库固定图）。 / Photo: Headquarters of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs in Washington (GSM federal core asset library).
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