跟进：NASA 罗曼太空望远镜完成仪器内部对齐，精度达发丝的几分之一

华盛顿—美国国家航空航天局（NASA）11 月 13 日表示，南希·格雷斯·罗曼太空望远镜（Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope）已完成一个关键里程碑：望远镜的仪器实现精确对齐，向科学观测运行又近一步。

Roman 在发射前已在地面完成光学与仪器对齐，但发射振动、温度变化与太空失重会造成细微偏移。科学团队此前用一系列测试观测测量这些偏移，更新望远镜的「内部图谱」。宽视场仪器（Wide Field Instrument）的 18 个探测器需要协同锁定导星，图谱中任何一个位置出错都会影响指向。团队观测恒星、比对图像中的实际位置与预期位置，据此调整后续观测的指向。

太空望远镜科学研究所天文学家 Tony Sohn 表示，Roman 现在的内部对齐精度已达「发丝宽度的几分之一」。NASA 总部 Roman 项目科学家 Dominic Benford 说，Roman 的稳定性要求至少是哈勃与韦布望远镜的十倍。

日冕仪一侧，团队调整了副镜、连接望远镜与日冕仪的小镜以及日冕仪内部的全部掩膜与光学件。下一步，团队将演练让日冕仪可变形镜动作的 3,000 多个微小活动部件，逐级排斥恒星光，以看到紧贴恒星的暗弱行星。NASA 喷气推进实验室（JPL）光学工程师 Brian Kern 说，这一步若在太空中以真实星光完成，将是首创纪录。

（来源：美国国家航空航天局）

Follow-Up: NASA's Roman Space Telescope Completes Internal Instrument Alignment to a Fraction of a Hair's Breadth

WASHINGTON — NASA said on November 13 that its Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope has completed a key milestone, bringing its instruments into precise alignment and moving the observatory another step closer to science operations.

Roman's optics and instruments were aligned on the ground before launch, but launch vibrations, temperature changes and the lack of gravity in space can cause small shifts. Scientists have been conducting test observations to measure those shifts and update their internal map of the observatory. The Wide Field Instrument's 18 detectors must work together when locking onto guide stars, and the team observed stars and compared their positions in Roman's images with where they were expected to land.

Tony Sohn, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute, said Roman is now internally aligned to within a tiny fraction of a hair's breadth. Dominic Benford, Roman's program scientist at NASA Headquarters, said Roman has to be at least ten times more stable than the Hubble or Webb space telescopes.

For the Coronagraph Instrument, the team adjusted the secondary mirror, a smaller mirror connecting the telescope to the coronagraph, and all the masks and optics within the instrument. Next, they will exercise more than 3,000 small moving parts that drive the instrument's deformable mirrors, rejecting starlight step by step to reveal faint planets close to their stars — a first, if completed in space with real starlight, according to Brian Kern, an optical engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

(Source: NASA)

来源：美国国家航空航天局

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：南希·格雷斯·罗曼太空望远镜在轨飞行示意图。美国国家航空航天局 NASA 官方发布，公共领域。 / Image: Artist's concept of NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in orbit. Credit: NASA (public domain).

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