英国在欧安组织驳斥俄方说法：乌克兰军人是合法战斗人员，俄方应立即停火
英国政府11月12日通过 GOV.UK 发布两份在欧洲安全与合作组织（欧安组织）发表的声明：英国驻欧安组织大使 Holland 在停战日次日发表的声明回顾两次世界大战的教训，指俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争违反防止冲突重演的原则与制度；英国高级军事顾问 Joby Rimmer 上校在同一论坛驳斥俄方把乌克兰武装部队称作恐怖分子的说法，逐条说明乌克兰军人受国际人道法保护的法律地位。本篇记入英国站纪事。
Holland 说，英国前一天刚纪念停战日、缅怀从第一次世界大战至今在冲突中丧生的人，纪念带来的责任是吸取世界大战的持久教训：侵略不得得到回报，任何国家的怨愤、历史或宿命感都不赋予它支配邻国的权利，和平从来不是理所当然。他说，俄罗斯所谓入侵是为乌克兰「去纳粹化」的说法，滥用了共同历史，侮辱了当年为击败纳粹主义牺牲的人，其中包括数百万参战并死去的乌克兰人。
Holland 说，持久和平的基础已经存在：《联合国宪章》禁止以武力威胁或使用武力侵害他国领土完整与政治独立，《赫尔辛基最后文件》要求每个参与国尊重主权平等、边界不可侵犯、领土完整、不干涉内政与和平解决争端，《巴黎宪章》重申了这些原则。欧安组织的安全框架正是建立在这些原则之上，各国同意保留常设对话渠道、交换武装部队与军事活动信息，并对特定军事演习提前通报和开放观察。他说：「原则没有失败，是俄罗斯违反了原则。」他呼吁俄方接受立即停火、认真对话并尊重自己已经作出的承诺，这才是通往公正持久和平的道路。
Rimmer 在声明中说，乌克兰军人是在行使本国固有的自卫权，他们不是恐怖分子，也不应被这样称呼。俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰明显违反《联合国宪章》，乌克兰依宪章第51条享有自卫权，国际法也允许其他国家支持这种自卫；把乌克兰对本国领土的合法防御改称恐怖主义，改变不了法律现实。
就法律地位，Rimmer 说，乌克兰武装部队成员是国际性武装冲突一方的正规武装部队成员，依《日内瓦公约第一附加议定书》第43条属于战斗人员，有权直接参与敌对行动；被俘后依《日内瓦第三公约》第4条享有战俘地位，必须得到人道待遇，不得仅因参战而受迫害，贴上恐怖主义标签不能剥夺他们的战斗人员与战俘地位，也不能成为拒绝给予国际人道法保护的理由。
Rimmer 还援引联合国人权监测团的数据说，该团可经常且不受阻碍地进入乌克兰控制区的官方拘押设施，俄罗斯却一直拒绝让独立观察员同等进入其关押乌克兰战俘的场所；监测团访谈的853名乌克兰战俘中，超过96%报告在俄方关押期间遭受酷刑或虐待。他说，联合国乌克兰问题独立国际调查委员会今年3月向人权理事会提交的报告（A/HRC/61/61）认定，俄罗斯法院及俄占区的法院以恐怖主义等罪名起诉乌克兰平民与战俘，有关程序剥夺了基本公平审判保障，并系统性依赖通过酷刑或虐待取得或伪造的证据，由此构成的严重违反国际人道法行为属于战争罪。Rimmer 说，只要俄方不从乌克兰国际公认领土撤军，英国将一直与乌克兰站在一起，直至实现公正持久的和平。
同日，英国外交、联邦与发展事务部在 GOV.UK 更新了英欧《贸易与合作协定》下「公平竞争环境」贸易专门委员会的页面，新增该委员会第五次会议的会议记录，会议于2025年10月15日举行。该委员会是英国与欧盟的联合讨论论坛，负责监督协定中公平竞争与可持续发展章节的执行与运作。
UK Tells OSCE Ukrainian Troops Are Lawful Combatants and Russia Should Accept an Immediate Ceasefire
The UK government published two statements delivered at the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) on GOV.UK on November 12. Ambassador Holland, the UK's ambassador to the OSCE, speaking the day after Armistice Day, recalled the lessons of past conflicts and said Russia's war against Ukraine violates the principles and institutions established to prevent their recurrence. Colonel Joby Rimmer, the UK Senior Military Advisor, told the same forum that Russia's portrayal of Ukraine's armed forces as terrorists is wrong in law and set out the protections Ukrainian service personnel hold under international humanitarian law. This report is filed as a UK station roundup.
Holland said the United Kingdom had marked Armistice Day the day before, remembering all those who have lost their lives in conflict from the First World War to the present day, and that remembrance carries a responsibility to learn the enduring lessons of the world wars: aggression must not be rewarded, no state's grievances, history or sense of destiny entitle it to dominate its neighbours, and peace cannot be taken for granted. He said Russia's false claim that its invasion seeks the denazification of Ukraine abuses shared history and insults those who sacrificed their lives to defeat Nazism, among them millions of Ukrainians who fought and died.
The foundations of a durable peace already exist, Holland said: the UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state, the Helsinki Final Act commits every participating State to sovereign equality, the inviolability of frontiers, territorial integrity, non-intervention and the peaceful settlement of disputes, and the Charter of Paris reaffirmed those principles. The OSCE's security framework is built on them, with states agreeing to maintain permanent channels for dialogue, exchange information about their armed forces and military activities, and provide advance notification and observation of certain military exercises. 'The principles did not fail. Russia violated them,' he said, calling on Russia to accept an immediate ceasefire, engage seriously in dialogue and respect the commitments it has already made as the path towards a just and lasting peace.
Rimmer said Ukraine's servicemen and servicewomen are exercising their country's inherent right of self-defence: they are not terrorists and should not be described as such. Russia's full-scale invasion is a manifest violation of the UN Charter, Ukraine has an inherent right of self-defence under Article 51, and international law allows other states to support that defence; relabelling Ukraine's lawful defence of its own territory as terrorism does not alter the legal reality.
On legal status, Rimmer said members of the Ukrainian Armed Forces are members of the regular armed forces of a state party to an international armed conflict and, under Article 43 of Additional Protocol I, are combatants with the right to participate directly in hostilities. If captured, Article 4 of the Third Geneva Convention entitles them to prisoner-of-war status; they must be treated humanely and may not be persecuted merely for taking part in the conflict, and a terrorism label removes neither that status nor the protections of international humanitarian law.
Rimmer also cited UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission findings: the Mission has regular and unimpeded access to official internment facilities in Ukrainian-controlled territory, while Russia continues to deny independent monitors comparable access to Ukrainian prisoners of war it holds, and of the 853 Ukrainian POWs interviewed by the Mission, more than 96 percent reported torture or ill-treatment in Russian captivity. The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, in its March report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/61/61), found that Russian courts and courts in Russian-occupied areas prosecuted Ukrainian civilians and POWs on charges including terrorism in proceedings that denied fundamental fair-trial guarantees and systematically relied on evidence fabricated or obtained through torture or ill-treatment, grave breaches of international humanitarian law amounting to war crimes. Until Russia withdraws its forces from Ukraine's internationally recognised territory, Rimmer said, the UK will stand with Ukraine for as long as it takes.
The same day, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office updated its GOV.UK page for the Trade Specialised Committee on Level Playing Field for Open and Fair Competition and Sustainable Development under the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, adding the minutes of the committee's fifth meeting, held on 15 October 2025. The committee is a joint UK-EU forum that monitors the implementation and functioning of the agreement's level playing field title.
来源：英国外交、联邦与发展事务部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于奥地利维也纳的霍夫堡宫，欧安组织常设理事会在此开会。照片：CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Hofburg in Vienna, Austria, where the OSCE Permanent Council meets. Photo: CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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