NOAA拟开放太平洋海洋纪念碑约40.8万平方英里海域商业捕捞 意见征集至12月9日
美国国家海洋和大气管理局渔业局（NOAA Fisheries）提出一项拟议规则，拟修改现行禁令，允许在太平洋岛屿遗产海洋国家纪念碑扩展海域恢复商业捕捞，范围是 Johnston Atoll、Wake Island 与 Jarvis Island 周边50至200海里的水域，面积约40.8万平方英里。拟议规则11月9日刊登《联邦公报》（91 FR 70827），公众意见征集至12月9日。
按拟议规则，今后获准进入的将是纪念碑外海域现行允许的延绳钓与围网捕捞，相关渔业将按《Magnuson-Stevens 渔业养护与管理法》《西中太平洋渔业公约实施法》与《南太平洋金枪鱼法》等现行法律监管。管理局在公报中称，拟议规则支持美国渔业的长期可持续性，并兼顾纪念碑本体及其历史与科学价值对象的妥善管理。
这片海域自2014年纪念碑扩展后一直禁止商业捕捞。2025年4月，特朗普总统发布文告寻求重开该海域，管理局随后发函称禁令不再适用，联邦法官其后裁定该函不合法、管理局须走正规的规则制定程序，捕捞活动2025年8月被法院叫停。今年6月的修订文告之后，管理局改走拟议规则程序。西太平洋区域渔业管理委员会今年3月曾表决，建议恢复四个太平洋海洋国家纪念碑部分海域的捕捞准入。
环保组织公开反对这一提案。生物多样性中心称，新提案无视去年诉讼中提出的科学意见，即商业捕捞会损害纪念碑的生态系统与物种。2025年，Kāpa‘a、夏威夷保护委员会与生物多样性中心在 Earthjustice 代理下胜诉，叫停了纪念碑边界内的商业捕捞。太平洋岛屿遗产联盟称，管理局在拟议规则中把对受保护物种与文化资源的预期影响描述为可以忽略，并引述管理局自身分析称，捕捞作业的预期收益可能不大，主要是节省燃油以及让围网船不必为在外国水域作业缴费。
公众可通过联邦法规网站按案号 NOAA-NMFS-2026-2410 提交意见，截止日期为12月9日。管理局将在意见期结束后审议，再决定是否出台最终规则。
关联：白宫发布特朗普为渔民签文告短片：太平洋近50万平方英里海域重开商业捕捞
NOAA Proposes Reopening About 408,000 Square Miles of Pacific Marine Monument to Commercial Fishing, Comments Due Dec. 9
NOAA Fisheries has proposed a rule that would amend regulations prohibiting commercial fishing in the expansion waters of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument, reopening the waters between 50 and 200 nautical miles around Johnston Atoll, Wake Island and Jarvis Island — an area of about 408,000 square miles. The proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on November 9 (91 FR 70827), and public comments are being accepted through December 9.
Under the proposal, the longline and purse seine fishing now permitted outside the monument would be allowed in those waters, regulated under existing laws including the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Convention Implementation Act and the South Pacific Tuna Act. NOAA Fisheries said in the Federal Register notice that the proposed rule supports the long-term sustainability of U.S. fisheries and provides for the proper care and management of the monument and the objects of historic or scientific interest in it.
The waters have been closed to commercial fishing since the monument's expansion in 2014. In April 2025, President Trump issued a proclamation seeking to reopen the area, and NOAA Fisheries then issued a letter treating the ban as no longer applicable. A federal judge later ruled that letter unlawful and required the agency to use the regular rulemaking process, and fishing was halted by the court in August 2025. After an amended proclamation in June 2026, the agency turned to a formal proposed rule. In March, the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council voted to recommend restoring fishing access in portions of four Pacific marine national monuments.
Conservation groups have publicly opposed the proposal. The Center for Biological Diversity said the new proposal ignores the scientific opinion presented in last year's litigation that commercial fishing would harm the monument's ecosystems and species. In 2025, Kāpa‘a, the Conservation Council for Hawai‘i and the Center for Biological Diversity, represented by Earthjustice, won the lawsuit that halted commercial fishing inside the monument. The Pacific Islands Heritage Coalition said NOAA Fisheries describes the expected effects on protected species and cultural resources as negligible in the proposed rule, and cited the agency's own analysis that the expected benefit to fishing operations is likely minor, mainly fuel savings and a chance for purse seine vessels to avoid fees for fishing in foreign waters.
Comments can be submitted on Regulations.gov under docket NOAA-NMFS-2026-2410 by December 9. NOAA Fisheries will review the comments before deciding whether to issue a final rule.
来源：美国国家海洋和大气管理局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：Johnston Atoll 航拍资料图，拟议规则涉及该环礁周边50至200海里水域。美国政府公共领域照片（DF-ST-92-02431），经 Wikimedia Commons / Photo: Aerial view of Johnston Atoll, U.S. government public domain photo (DF-ST-92-02431), via Wikimedia Commons
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