美国教育部对多个学区启动调查与执法：指其瞒着家长为学生做「性别转换」安排
美国教育部11月9日宣布，继续推进保护家长权利的行动：对多个学区的政策与被指事件启动调查并推进执法，这些学区被指瞒着家长为学生处理所谓「性别转换」。教育部表示，家长有权知悉孩子的心理健康情况、接触事关孩子福祉的最敏感信息，学校不得从中阻挡。教育部的学生隐私政策办公室（SPPO）将调查相关学区是否违反《家庭教育权利与隐私法》（FERPA）与《学生权利保护修正案》（PPRA）。
新墨西哥州的 Albuquerque 公立学校与 Santa Fe 公立学校近日受到关注，报道指两学区有政策阻止校方人员向家长透露孩子的「性别转换」或「性别认同」信息。在 Santa Fe，据指学生在课堂上被问及想用哪个名字或人称代词，家长全不知情、也未经家长同意。在宾夕法尼亚州，家长指控 Pennsbury 学区在未告知家长的情况下，为其女儿做了所谓「社会转换」、让她以男孩形象在校生活近三年。教育部同时宣布，与司法部（DOJ）联手对宾州 Pine-Richland 学区采取执法行动，指该学区政策要求包括护士与心理辅导员在内的教职员在未经家长同意时协助学生「性别转换」，违反 FERPA 与 PPRA。
教育部长 Linda McMahon 说：「特朗普政府已把维护家长权利与课堂透明列为教育议程的重点，我们会继续这样做。」她说，旨在向家长隐瞒孩子福祉最敏感信息的政策，不仅违反联邦法律，也违背教育者让家长成为孩子人生第一决策者的道德义务，「我们将大力调查这些指控，让学区负起责任，把家长带出蒙在鼓里的状态。」
据教育部说明，Albuquerque 学区的程序指令 PJ30 要求学校不论学生生理性别、一律使用其自选名字与代词，并把学生的偏好名字与性别放在与家长接触的「非正式记录」里，而给家长看的「永久记录」则使用法定名字与生理性别；一名学区社工据报因此被禁止向家长分享「性别认同」信息。Santa Fe 学区据指使用「性别支持计划」等表格而未经家长同意或知情，其中一份「姓名与代词信息表」直接问学生想在课堂上被如何称呼、老师该用哪个人称代词，并明确写明这些信息对家长保密。
教育部介绍，FERPA 赋予家长查阅孩子教育记录、要求更正记录，以及在重要例外之外控制教育记录中个人可识别信息披露的权利；PPRA 则要求学校在向学生进行涉及性行为与态度、宗教信仰、心理问题等敏感信息的调查、分析或评估前，须通知家长并取得书面同意。违反两法可招致执法行动，并可能失去联邦拨款。教育部与司法部已于10月5日致函各州总检察长，提示 SPPO 近期指引，并对各学区在校园心理健康筛查上遵守联邦法律的情况表示关切。
（来源：美国教育部）
U.S. Department of Education Opens Investigations and Enforcement Actions Over Schools Allegedly Hiding Students' 'Gender Transitions' from Parents
The U.S. Department of Education announced on November 9 that it is continuing its efforts to restore parental rights protections by opening several investigations and moving forward with enforcement actions against multiple school districts over policies and alleged incidents that involve hiding students' 'gender transitions' from their parents. The Department said parents have the right to be informed about their child's mental health and to have access to the most sensitive information about their child's well-being without schools standing in the way. The Department's Student Privacy Policy Office (SPPO) will investigate whether the schools violated the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA).
Recent reports from Albuquerque Public Schools and Santa Fe Public Schools in New Mexico raise concerns that these districts maintain policies that prevent school personnel from sharing information about a child's 'gender transition' or 'gender identity' with their parents. In Santa Fe, students were allegedly asked what preferred name or pronoun they wanted to use in class, all without parents knowing or consenting. In Pennsylvania, parents allege that the Pennsbury School District facilitated their daughter's so-called 'social transition' to appear as a boy for three years without informing them. The Department is also partnering with the Department of Justice (DOJ) to take enforcement action against Pine-Richland School District in Pennsylvania for policies directing school staff, including nurses and psychologists, to facilitate 'gender transitions' for students without parental consent in violation of FERPA and PPRA.
'The Trump Administration has made upholding parental rights and transparency in the classroom a key part of our education agenda - and we will continue to do so,' said U.S. Secretary of Education Linda McMahon. 'Policies designed to conceal or hide the most sensitive information about a child's well-being not only violate federal law but also educators' moral obligation to let parents be the first decision-makers in their child's lives. We will vigorously investigate these allegations and hold districts accountable to bring parents out of the dark.'
According to the Department, Albuquerque's Procedural Directive PJ30 mandates that schools use a student's chosen names and pronouns regardless of their biological sex, separates a student's preferred name and gender in 'social interactions' at school and 'informal records,' and uses the legal name and biological sex in 'permanent records' made available to parents; a district social worker was reportedly prevented from sharing 'gender identity' information with parents. In Santa Fe, parents allege the district used 'gender support plans' and other forms without their consent or knowledge, including a 'Name & Pronoun Info Sheet' that asks students what name and pronouns to use in class and explicitly states the teacher will keep the information confidential from parents.
FERPA gives parents the right to access their children's education records, to request corrections, and to control, with important exceptions, the disclosure of personally identifiable information in education records. PPRA requires schools to notify parents and obtain written parental consent before conducting surveys, analyses or evaluations asking students for sensitive information such as sex behaviors and attitudes, religious beliefs, or mental and psychological problems. Violations of FERPA and PPRA can lead to enforcement actions and potential loss of federal funding. On October 5, the Department and the Justice Department wrote to all state Attorneys General pointing to SPPO's recent guidance and raising concerns about districts' compliance regarding mental health screenings in schools.
(Source: U.S. Department of Education)
来源：美国教育部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国教育部总部林登·约翰逊大楼（华盛顿）。ajay_suresh 摄，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Lyndon Baines Johnson Building, U.S. Department of Education headquarters in Washington, D.C. Photo by ajay_suresh, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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