联邦法官驳回司法部诉Montgomery County枪支法诉讼：不得以同一主张再诉
美国马里兰联邦地区法院法官 Theodore D. Chuang 2026年11月9日出具33页意见书，驳回美国司法部挑战马里兰州 Montgomery County 枪支限制法的诉讼：批准该县的驳回动议、且驳回不得以同一主张再诉（with prejudice），同时拒绝司法部在诉讼期间暂停执行该法的初步禁令请求。司法部仍可上诉。
涉案的县法是 Expedited Bill 23-26E，2026年7月21日经县议会通过、7月27日由县长 Marc Elrich 签署生效。该法禁止在「公共集会场所」及其100码范围内持有或运输手枪、步枪、霰弹枪、幽灵枪与弹药，所涉场所包括公园、礼拜场所、学校、图书馆、文娱设施、政府建筑、投票站与法院及其停车场与场地；警察、持牌保安、居家持枪，以及按州法在车内携带手枪的许可持有人等不在此限。
司法部于今年8月3日起诉该县、县警察局与县警长 Maxwell Uy，主张该法违反第二修正案，并援引1994年通过的联邦法律34 U.S.C. § 12601作为起诉依据：该条允许司法部长就执法人员侵犯宪法权利的「模式或惯行」提起诉讼。民权司助理部长 Harmeet K. Dhillon 在8月3日的发布中称，该县的规定让持有效携枪许可的守法公民几乎不可能走在街上而不踏入禁区。
Chuang 在意见书中拒绝了司法部的读法。他写道，这种解释将「惊人地大幅扩张联邦权力」，等于允许联邦政府在任何时候以一部州法或地方法可能侵犯个人宪法权利为由，起诉地方警察机构。他同时指出，政府与法院都没有找到这条法律曾被以司法部主张的方式正当使用的先例，这类对州与地方政府的介入何时正当，应由国会、而非行政部门决定。
意见书明确，法院没有裁定该县枪支法本身是否违宪，原文称法院「无需、也不会」处理其合宪性问题。司法部发言人 Kiersten Pels 11月10日向 Maryland Matters 表示，司法部正在评估这项裁决与可行的后续步骤，并重申该部保护马里兰州第二修正案权利的立场。县长 Marc Elrich 发表声明称，这项裁决肯定了该县保护公共安全的责任与权力。
该县这部枪支法仍面临其他诉讼，包括 Silver Spring 一家犹太会堂与一名拉比提起的联邦诉讼，该案仍在审理中。
Federal Judge Dismisses Justice Department Lawsuit Over Montgomery County Gun Law, With Prejudice
U.S. District Judge Theodore D. Chuang of the District of Maryland dismissed the U.S. Department of Justice's lawsuit challenging Montgomery County, Maryland's firearms restrictions in a 33-page memorandum opinion filed on November 9, 2026. Chuang granted the county's motion to dismiss with prejudice, meaning the same claim cannot be refiled, and denied the department's request for a preliminary injunction blocking enforcement of the law. The Justice Department can still appeal.
The county law at issue, Expedited Bill 23-26E, was approved by the County Council on July 21, 2026, and signed by County Executive Marc Elrich on July 27. It bars possessing or transporting handguns, rifles, shotguns, ghost guns and ammunition in or within 100 yards of a place of public assembly, a category that includes parks, places of worship, schools, libraries, recreational facilities, government buildings, polling places and courthouses, along with their parking lots and grounds. Exceptions include police, licensed security guards, guns at home, and permit holders carrying a handgun in a vehicle in line with state law.
The Justice Department sued the county, its police department and Sheriff Maxwell Uy on August 3, arguing that the law violates the Second Amendment and bringing the case under 34 U.S.C. Section 12601, a 1994 statute that lets the attorney general sue over a pattern or practice of conduct by law enforcement officers that violates constitutional rights. Assistant Attorney General Harmeet K. Dhillon of the Civil Rights Division said in an August 3 release that the county makes it almost impossible for a law-abiding citizen with a valid carry license to walk down the street and avoid the exclusion zones.
Chuang rejected that reading, writing that it would effect a breathtakingly broad expansion of federal power, letting the federal government sue a local police agency any time it believes a state or local law could violate an individual's constitutional rights. He also wrote that neither the government nor the court found any example of the statute properly used in the manner proposed by the government, and that Congress, not the Executive Branch, must decide when such intrusions are warranted.
The opinion did not decide whether the county law itself violates the Second Amendment, saying the court need not and will not address its constitutionality. Justice Department spokesperson Kiersten Pels told Maryland Matters on November 10 that the department was evaluating the ruling and its available next steps, and reaffirmed its commitment to protecting Second Amendment rights in Maryland. County Executive Marc Elrich said in a statement that the ruling affirms the county government's responsibility and authority to safeguard its community.
The county law still faces other court challenges, including a federal lawsuit filed by a Silver Spring Jewish congregation and a rabbi, which remains pending.
来源：马里兰联邦地区法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国司法部总部大楼。GSM 联邦固定图库图。 / Photo: U.S. Department of Justice headquarters in Washington. Via the GSM federal fixed image library.
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