疾控中心不建议给狗猫喂生食：生肉里的沙门氏菌和李斯特菌会让宠物和家人都生病
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）在其宠物食品安全指引中明确表示，不建议给狗和猫喂生食宠物食品和生食零食，因为未经加热的动物蛋白可能带有沙门氏菌、李斯特菌等病菌，会让宠物生病，也会在厨房和家中传播，让家人跟着生病。
CDC 解释，生食宠物食品含有未经足够加热杀菌的动物蛋白，常见成分包括未煮熟的肌肉、内脏和骨头、未煮熟的鸡蛋以及未经巴氏杀菌的奶。这类产品形式很多，包括生鲜、冷冻生食、冻干和脱水产品，连生皮咬胶、冻干零食这类零食和拌粮配料也算生食。冷冻、冻干或脱水只能减少病菌数量，不能杀灭全部病菌。
更安全的选择是经过烹煮或高温加热的食品，包括干粮、罐头和煮熟的鲜食。CDC 提醒，为宠物选主食时，认准包装上「complete and balanced」（完整均衡）字样；自制宠物食品最好先咨询兽医或兽医营养师，确保营养配比完整。
卫生习惯同样关键：接触宠物食品或零食前后要用肥皂和水洗手，宠物食碗、水碗、食勺和喂食垫要经常清洗，按标签说明储存食品，不要喂已召回或受污染的食品。宠物如果在吃下某种食品后生病，可向美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）投诉。
CDC 还特别提醒，五岁以下儿童、65岁以上长者、免疫力较弱者和孕妇更容易被食源性病菌严重感染；家里有这些成员的，更应在考虑生食喂养前先咨询兽医。生食并不必然更健康，煮熟与生食食品都可能用好或差的原料，关键在营养是否均衡与处理是否安全。（来源：美国疾病控制与预防中心）
CDC Does Not Recommend Raw Pet Food: Salmonella and Listeria Can Sicken Pets and Families
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend feeding raw pet food or raw treats to dogs and cats, the agency says in its pet food safety guidance, because uncooked animal protein can carry germs such as Salmonella and Listeria that sicken pets and can spread around the kitchen and home to make people sick as well.
Raw pet foods contain animal protein that has not been heated to a high enough temperature to kill germs, CDC explains. Common ingredients include uncooked muscle meat, organ meat and bones, uncooked eggs and unpasteurized milk. The products come in many forms, including raw, raw frozen, freeze-dried and dehydrated, and even treats and food toppers such as rawhide chews and freeze-dried treats can be raw. Freezing, freeze-drying or dehydrating only reduces the number of germs; it does not kill all of them.
Safer options are foods that have been cooked or heated, including kibble, canned foods and cooked fresh foods. When buying a main diet, CDC advises looking for the words "complete and balanced" on the label, and talking to a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist before making homemade food a pet's main diet.
Hygiene matters as well: wash hands with soap and water before and after handling pet food or treats, clean bowls, scoops and feeding mats frequently, follow storage instructions on labels, and never feed recalled or contaminated food. If a pet becomes sick after eating a specific food, owners can report a complaint to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
CDC notes that children under 5, adults 65 and older, people with weakened immune systems and pregnant women are more likely to become seriously ill from foodborne germs, and households with those members should talk to a veterinarian before considering a raw diet. Raw is not necessarily healthier, the agency adds: both raw and cooked foods can be nutritionally balanced or inadequate, depending on their ingredients. (Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
来源：美国疾病控制与预防中心
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：一只拉布拉多犬在吃干粮。美国疾病控制与预防中心图片。 / Photo: A Labrador eats kibble from a bowl. Image from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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