申请STEM OPT延期先交I-983培训计划：学生与雇主共同填写、交给学校DSO
持 F-1 签证的理工科毕业生申请24个月 STEM OPT 延期时，有一份文件必须在申请前备齐：I-983 表格，即 STEM OPT 学生培训计划。美国国土安全部 Study in the States 平台的 I-983 说明页写明，学生与雇主必须共同填写并签署这份表格，交给学校指定校方官员（DSO），之后学生才能提出 STEM OPT 延期申请。
一份填写完整的 I-983 要说明：这份实习工作与学生合格 STEM 学位之间的直接关系、培训的具体目标、通过雇主的工作学习机会实现目标的方式，包括要传授的知识与技能、绩效评估流程，以及雇主对学生的监督方式。
培训计划还要确立三件事：雇主有足够的资源和人员在所列地点提供培训；学生不会顶替全职、兼职、临时或永久的美国雇员；这份工作的职责、工时和薪酬，与雇主在当地同类岗位美国雇员的条件相当。若雇主同类美国雇员不超过两人，还须在计划中作出同等条件的确认。学生不能给自己当雇主，也不能以雇主身份在表格上签字。
计划不是一交了事。表格内容出现实质变化，例如雇主税号因所有权或结构变化而改变、学生薪酬在工时未减的情况下降低、每周培训工时显著减少，或雇主的承诺与学生的学习目标改变，学生和雇主都要向 DSO 报告并更新表格。
评估也有硬日期：学生要在 STEM OPT 开始后12个月内提交第一份自我评估，结束时提交最终评估，两份都须在相应报告期结束后10天内交给 DSO，并由雇主审阅签字；机会提前结束的，最终评估须在结束后10天内提交。不交最终评估违反 I-983 条款，可能危及学生的非移民身份。（来源：国土安全部Study in the States）
STEM OPT Extension Requires Form I-983 Training Plan Signed by Student and Employer, Filed With the DSO
F-1 graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics who apply for the 24-month STEM OPT extension must first complete one document: Form I-983, the Training Plan for STEM OPT Students. According to the Form I-983 overview on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Study in the States site, the student and the employer must complete and sign the form together and submit it to the student's designated school official (DSO) before the student may apply for the extension.
A properly completed Form I-983 explains how the training directly relates to the student's qualifying STEM degree, the specific goals of the training opportunity, how those goals will be achieved through work-based learning with the employer, including the knowledge, skills and techniques to be imparted, the performance evaluation process, and the methods of oversight and supervision.
The plan must also establish that the employer has sufficient resources and personnel to provide the training at the identified locations, that the student will not replace a full-time or part-time, temporary or permanent U.S. worker, and that the duties, hours and compensation are commensurate with those of the employer's similarly situated U.S. workers in the area. If the employer has no more than two similarly situated U.S. workers, the plan must affirm commensurate terms by comparison with workers elsewhere in the area. Students may take part in entrepreneurial ventures as employees, but may not act as their own employer or sign the form as the employer.
The plan must stay current. Material changes, such as a new Employer Identification Number after an ownership change, a cut in compensation not tied to fewer hours, a significant decrease in weekly training hours, or changes to the employer's commitments or the student's learning objectives, must be reported to the DSO with an updated form.
Evaluations carry firm deadlines. The student must submit a first self-evaluation within 12 months of the STEM OPT start date and a final evaluation at the end of the training, each no later than 10 days after the close of the reporting period, with the employer reviewing and signing to verify accuracy. If an opportunity ends early, the final evaluation is due within 10 days of its conclusion; failing to submit it violates the terms of Form I-983 and may jeopardize the student's nonimmigrant status. (Source: Study in the States, U.S. Department of Homeland Security)
来源：国土安全部Study in the States
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：工程专业学生在实验室车间实作。Wikimedia Commons 图片（CC BY 2.0）。 / Photo: An engineering student works in a fabrication laboratory. Image via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0).
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