国家气象局今冬给最危险的暴风雪与冰风暴警告加上「特别危险情况」
美国国家气象局今冬多了一句分量最重的话。该局总部2026年6月8日发布的第26-52号服务变更通知说，自2026年10月1日前后起，气象局可以在暴风雪警告和冰风暴警告中加入「特别危险情况」（Particularly Dangerous Situation）措辞，本季冬季已经进入实施期。
这句措辞不是每场风雪都会用。通知写明，只有在预报把握很高、且暴风雪或冰风暴达到极端和历史级强度、威胁明显超过普通暴风雪或冰风暴时，气象局才会用它提醒公众和应急伙伴。换句话说，看到这三个英文单词（或缩写PDS）出现在警告里，意味着预报员判断这场风雪可能危及生命、重创关键基础设施。
按气象局的现行定义，暴风雪警告对应的是降雪或吹雪使能见度降到四分之一英里或以下、阵风达到每小时35英里或以上、且持续3小时或以上的天气；冰风暴警告对应的是结冰厚度预计达到四分之一英寸或以上、出行近乎不可能的天气。「特别危险情况」是在这两类本已最严重的警告之上再加的一层强调。
气象局在通知中给出了产品示例，地方预报台今冬遇到历史级暴风雪或冰风暴时即可启用这一措辞。对居民来说，规则很简单：普通警告已经要认真对待，带「特别危险情况」的警告则应立即行动，尽量不外出，并提前备好应急物资。（来源：美国国家气象局）
NWS Adds 'Particularly Dangerous Situation' Wording to Its Most Dangerous Blizzard and Ice Storm Warnings This Winter
The National Weather Service (NWS) has added its strongest wording yet for winter storms. In Service Change Notice 26-52, issued June 8, 2026, from its headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland, the NWS said it would operationally implement the capability to use "Particularly Dangerous Situation" wording in Blizzard Warnings and Ice Storm Warnings on or about October 1, 2026, and the capability is in place for this winter season.
The wording will not appear in every storm warning. The notice says the language is meant to alert the public and emergency partners when there is high confidence of a blizzard or ice storm of extreme and historic severity that poses an exceptional threat above and beyond a typical blizzard or ice storm. In other words, when those words, or the abbreviation PDS, appear in a warning, forecasters judge that the storm could endanger life and critical infrastructure.
Under the NWS's existing definitions, a Blizzard Warning covers snow or blowing snow that drops visibility to a quarter mile or less, with wind gusts of 35 mph or higher lasting three hours or more, while an Ice Storm Warning covers expected ice accumulations of a quarter inch or more that make travel nearly impossible. The "Particularly Dangerous Situation" wording adds a further layer of emphasis on top of the two most serious winter warnings the agency issues.
The notice includes product examples, and local forecast offices can use the wording this winter when a historic blizzard or ice storm threatens. For residents, the rule is simple: an ordinary warning already deserves full attention, and a warning carrying "Particularly Dangerous Situation" calls for immediate action, staying off the roads where possible and preparing emergency supplies in advance. (Source: National Weather Service)
来源：美国国家气象局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：2022年12月美国纽约州布法罗暴风雪期间的街道。Wikimedia Commons（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 / Photo: A Buffalo, New York street during the December 2022 blizzard. Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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