蒙大拿州194号提案通过两天内遭联邦起诉 共和党等称禁企业政治献金违宪
蒙大拿州选民11月3日以约65%的支持率通过194号提案“蒙大拿计划”后不到48小时，该法已在联邦法院遭到起诉。
原告包括蒙大拿州共和党、Frontier Institute、Frontier Action Fund与Montana Family Foundation等组织，诉状递交至蒙大拿联邦地区法院，被告为州总检察长Austin Knudsen与州务卿Christi Jacobsen。
194号提案规定，公司、非营利组织、行业协会等“人造法人”不得动用一般资金影响候选人选举、政党或投票提案，支持者称这是对2010年联邦最高法院“联合公民”判例的回应。官方计票显示，赞成票为302179张，反对票为159491张。
原告方称，提案限制企业与相关组织的政治言论，违反美国宪法第一修正案。提案定于2027年1月1日生效，除非法院下令叫停。
公开竞选资金监督组织OpenSecrets指出，蒙大拿与密歇根州选民本周均通过了限制政治资金的投票提案，两州的提案都已面临联邦诉讼，相关争议可能一路打到联邦最高法院。
Montana Initiative 194 Sued in Federal Court Within Two Days of Passage as Republicans Call Corporate Political-Spending Ban Unconstitutional
Less than 48 hours after Montana voters approved Initiative 194, the “Montana Plan,” with about 65% support on Nov. 3, the law was challenged in federal court.
The plaintiffs include the Montana Republican Party, the Frontier Institute, the Frontier Action Fund and the Montana Family Foundation. The complaint, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana, names Attorney General Austin Knudsen and Secretary of State Christi Jacobsen as defendants.
Initiative 194 provides that corporations, nonprofits, trade associations and other “artificial persons” may not use general funds to influence candidate elections, political parties or ballot measures. Supporters describe it as a response to the U.S. Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United decision. Reported results showed 302,179 votes in favor and 159,491 against.
The plaintiffs argue the measure restricts political speech by businesses and organizations in violation of the First Amendment. The measure is scheduled to take effect Jan. 1, 2027, unless a court blocks it.
OpenSecrets, the campaign-finance watchdog, noted that voters in both Montana and Michigan approved measures this week limiting political money, that both measures now face federal lawsuits, and that the disputes could ultimately reach the U.S. Supreme Court.
来源：美国蒙大拿联邦地区法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：蒙大拿州议会大厦。CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Montana State Capitol in Helena. CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
