坦桑尼亚反对派领袖利苏叛国罪无罪、煽动罪被判4年监禁：已羁押577天
坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆消息，坦桑尼亚高等法院达累斯萨拉姆分院三名法官组成的合议庭11月6日（星期五）宣判：主要反对党民主发展党（CHADEMA）主席通杜·安提帕斯·利苏叛国罪名不成立，但煽动罪名成立，判处4年监禁。
合议庭由法官邓斯坦·恩东古鲁主持。法院认定，检方未能证明利苏有恐吓政府的意图—这是叛国罪成立的关键要件；但法院同时认定，利苏在2025年大选前发表的言论构成煽动罪。法院援引《刑法典》第390条与《刑事诉讼法》第319条作出判决，后者允许法院就证据成立的较轻罪名定罪。法院指出，利苏"没有改革，就没有选举"的竞选口号及相关言论，意在煽动公众扰乱2025年大选。
利苏于2025年4月9日在鲁伍马区姆宾加镇一场集会后被捕，次日被控叛国罪。检方指控他于2025年4月3日在社交媒体发文，呼吁民众抵制2025年10月举行的坦桑尼亚大选，理由是对选举舞弊的担忧。宣判时，利苏已被羁押577天。叛国罪在坦桑尼亚可判处死刑，4年监禁意味着他虽免于最重罪名，仍将继续服刑。
利苏在宣判后发表声明说，高等法院的裁决证实了他一贯的说法：叛国指控是"政治捏造"。民主发展党表示将就定罪提出上诉，并为利苏申请保释；法院已准许他向坦桑尼亚上诉法院上诉。
大赦国际谴责这项判决。该组织东非与南部非洲区域主任蒂格雷·查古塔说，今天的裁决与4年监禁是"一个从逮捕那一刻起就不公正的、存在严重缺陷的程序"的顶点，利苏仅因和平行使人权已被任意羁押577天。肯尼亚人民解放党领袖玛莎·卡鲁阿与泛非团结网络同日要求立即无条件释放利苏，并呼吁对坦桑尼亚2025年大选前后的侵犯人权指控展开独立国际调查。
本案源于坦桑尼亚2025年10月大选前后的政治紧张局势。联合国专家10月30日指出，坦桑尼亚选后暴力一年仍无问责，反对派领袖仍被羁押。
（来源：坦桑尼亚高等法院）
Tanzanian Opposition Leader Tundu Lissu Acquitted of Treason, Jailed Four Years for Incitement
DAR ES SALAAM, Tanzania — A three-judge panel of Tanzania's High Court in Dar es Salaam ruled on Friday, November 6, that Tundu Antipas Lissu, chairman of the main opposition party CHADEMA, is not guilty of treason but guilty of incitement, and sentenced him to four years in prison.
The panel, led by Justice Dunstan Ndunguru, found that prosecutors had failed to prove that Lissu intended to intimidate the government — a key element of the treason charge. The court nonetheless convicted him of incitement under Section 390 of the Penal Code, invoking Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Act, which allows a court to convict on a lesser offence where the evidence establishes it. The judges held that Lissu's campaign slogan, "No Reforms, No Election," and related remarks were intended to incite the public to disrupt the 2025 general election.
Lissu was arrested on April 9, 2025, after addressing a rally in Mbinga town, in the Ruvuma Region, and was charged with treason the next day. Prosecutors accused him of posting on social media on April 3, 2025, calling on Tanzanians to boycott the October 2025 general election over concerns about electoral malpractice. By the time of the verdict, he had spent 577 days in detention. Treason carries the death penalty in Tanzania, so the four-year sentence means he escaped the gravest charge but remains behind bars.
In a statement after the verdict, Lissu said the High Court had confirmed what he had said from the start: the treason charge was "a political fabrication." CHADEMA said it would appeal the conviction and seek bail for Lissu; the court has granted him leave to appeal to Tanzania's Court of Appeal.
Amnesty International condemned the ruling. Tigere Chagutah, the organization's Regional Director for East and Southern Africa, said the verdict and four-year sentence were the culmination of "a deeply flawed process that was unjust from the moment of his arrest," and that Lissu had spent 577 days in arbitrary detention solely for peacefully exercising his human rights. Martha Karua, leader of Kenya's People's Liberation Party, and the Pan-African Solidarity Network on Friday demanded Lissu's immediate and unconditional release and called for an independent international investigation into alleged human rights violations around Tanzania's 2025 election.
The case grew out of political tensions before and after Tanzania's October 2025 general election. United Nations experts said on October 30 that a year after post-election violence in Tanzania, there had been no accountability and opposition leaders remained in detention.
(Source: High Court of Tanzania)
来源：坦桑尼亚高等法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆天际线。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0。 / Photo: The Dar es Salaam skyline, Tanzania. Photo: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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