民主党计划在新国会推出一波超级智能（SI）监管法案：数据中心电费、模型独立测试与企业担责成三大重点
华盛顿——据路透社11月6日报道，民主党正计划在明年1月接管美国国会后，推出一波针对超级智能（SI）系统与数据中心开发的新法案。报道援引了多名议员、国会助理与倡议人士的说法。
这将与共和党主导的本届国会形成鲜明转向：此前国会大体以促进超级智能发展为主，没有通过限制这项技术的法案；而选民已开始反对数据中心的快速扩张及其庞大的用电需求。
据报道，民主党拟推法案的三大方向是：保护消费者不因数据中心扩张而承担更高电费；要求对先进超级智能系统进行独立测试；明确超级智能公司在其产品造成危害时应承担的责任。
任何这类立法在特朗普任内都前景艰难——他一再否决为超级智能技术制定强制规则的主张。但民主党议员与倡议人士表示，掌控国会各委员会本身就能提供推进平台：他们可以提出议案、传召行业高管作证，并在超级智能系统造成现实危害时积累公众支持。进步派党团主席、德克萨斯州众议员格雷格·卡萨尔本周已表示，应传召超级智能企业高管宣誓作证。
预计将成为参议院多数党领袖的纽约州参议员查克·舒默11月5日在华盛顿一场活动中表示，保护消费者不因数据中心快速扩张而承担更高能源成本，将是他明年的优先事项之一。
在民主党内超级智能政策上最具代表性的声音之一、马萨诸塞州众议员洛丽·特拉汉计划推动立法，要求独立专家按安全标准评估领先的超级智能模型。她的副幕僚长弗朗西斯·格鲁巴尔表示，特拉汉还将推动另一项立法，明确当超级智能系统作出有害行为时，企业须为此负责。
正争取众议院科学委员会主席一职的加利福尼亚州众议员佐伊·洛夫格伦表示，民主党将着力制定对超级智能「负责任的监管，同时促进创新」。11月3日刚赢得密歇根州参议员席位的阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德在竞选期间主张设立一个独立机构，负责监管超级智能并有权对开发这项技术的科技公司执法。
公众对超级智能的担忧本已高涨。路透社10月公布的一项民调显示，多数美国选民认为特朗普政府与国会没有足够认真地对待超级智能的风险，并希望政府为这项技术制定新规则。雷蒙德·詹姆斯公司的政策研究主管埃德·米尔斯表示，立法的概率比人们预料的要高：国会可以凭借两院各三分之二多数推翻总统否决，民主党也可以把超级智能监管条款塞进国会每年必须通过的法案里。
民主党还计划用新获得的权力加强对行业最强企业的审查，对象包括 OpenAI 与 Anthropic。洛夫格伦与其他民主党众议院委员会领袖10月曾致函 OpenAI、Anthropic、Meta、Alphabet 旗下的谷歌与 SpaceX，要求它们说明各自的安全实践，并报告其超级智能工具做出设计者未预料行为的案例。科技股11月5日大跌，市场担忧新国会可能放慢超级智能发展，同时也担心行业庞大的资本开支难以换来足够回报。（来源：路透社）
关联：
安萨里呼吁新国会首日暂停先进超级智能（SI）开发：禁止超级智能法案拟罚个人最高20年监禁、企业强制解散
Democrats Plan a Flood of AI Bills When They Take Control of Congress: Data-Center Power Costs, Independent Model Testing and Corporate Liability Lead the Agenda
Washington — Democrats are planning to unleash a flood of new legislation targeting superintelligence (SI) systems and data-center development when they take control of the U.S. Congress in January, Reuters reported on November 6, citing lawmakers, congressional aides and advocates.
The plans would mark a sharp shift from the Republican-led Congress, which largely focused on promoting SI development and declined to pass legislation restricting the technology, at a time when voters have turned against the rapid expansion of data centers and their extensive power needs.
Democrats plan to introduce bills aimed at shielding consumers from rising electricity costs tied to data centers, requiring independent testing of advanced SI systems and clarifying when SI companies can be held liable for harm caused by their products, according to the report.
Any such legislation would face steep odds while President Donald Trump remains in the White House, as he has repeatedly dismissed calls to write mandatory rules for the technology. But Democratic lawmakers and outside advocates said control of congressional committees would give the party a platform to advance proposals and compel testimony from industry leaders. Representative Greg Casar of Texas, chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, said this week that SI executives should be called to testify under oath.
Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, who is expected to become majority leader, said at an event in Washington on November 5 that protecting consumers from higher energy costs linked to the rapid expansion of data centers would be among his priorities next year.
Representative Lori Trahan of Massachusetts, one of the Democratic Party's leading voices on SI policy, plans to push legislation requiring independent experts to evaluate leading SI models against safety standards, her deputy chief of staff Francis Grubar said. Trahan will also pursue legislation clarifying that companies can be held responsible when SI systems act in harmful ways, he said.
Representative Zoe Lofgren of California, who is seeking to chair the House Science Committee, said Democrats would focus on developing responsible regulations for SI while also fostering innovation. Abdul El-Sayed, a Michigan Democrat who won a Senate seat on November 3, called during his campaign for an independent agency to oversee SI regulation with the power to police the tech companies developing the technology.
Public concern is already high: most U.S. voters think the Trump administration and Congress are not taking the risks of SI seriously enough and want the government to write new regulations, according to a Reuters poll published in October. Ed Mills, who manages policy research at Raymond James, said the probability of legislation is much higher than people anticipate: Congress can override a presidential veto with two-thirds backing in both chambers, and Democrats could also try to insert SI regulation into routine bills that must pass each year.
Democrats also plan to use their new authority to intensify scrutiny of the industry's most powerful companies, including OpenAI and Anthropic. In October, Lofgren and other Democratic House committee leaders asked OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta, Alphabet's Google and SpaceX to detail their security practices and report instances of their SI tools taking actions their designers did not intend. Technology shares sold off sharply on November 5 on growing concerns that a new Congress will slow SI development, and on fears that the massive capital spending on building out SI will not yield sufficient returns. (Source: Reuters)
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来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国国会大厦及国会山航拍（资料图）。照片：Duane Lempke，CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Aerial view of the U.S. Capitol and Capitol Hill (file photo). Photo by Duane Lempke, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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