英国公布永居改革定版：多数移民等候期由五年延至十年，护理人员保留旧路
英国内政大臣马哈茂德（Shabana Mahmood）11月2日在下议院公布「挣得永居」（earned settlement）改革最终方案：多数移民取得永久居留的等候期由现行五年延长至十年，改为按收入、职业、融入与记录分级计算。
方案经12周公众咨询、收到逾20万份回覆后定版。2025年5月移民白皮书公布前已在英国的护理人员与公共部门人员可享过渡安排；原拟对低薪移民设的15年等候期取消，统一以十年为标准，高收入者与医疗、教育从业者可走较短通道。
英国政府表示，详细移民规则修订与实施时间将随后公布，现行五年规则在修订生效前继续适用。该改革影响人数逾50万，是英国数十年来最大的一次永居制度调整，在英华人移民与留学生群体同样受新规覆盖。
（来源：英国内政部）
UK Confirms Earned Settlement: Most Migrants to Wait 10 Years, Care Workers Keep Transitional Route
UK Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood set out the government's final approach to earned settlement in the House of Commons on November 2: for most migrants, the qualifying period for indefinite leave to remain rises from five years to ten, graded by earnings, occupation, integration and record.
The framework follows a 12-week consultation that drew more than 200,000 responses. Care workers and public-sector workers who were in the UK before the May 2025 Immigration White Paper receive targeted transitional arrangements, and a proposed 15-year wait for lower-paid migrants has been dropped in favour of the 10-year standard, with shorter routes for higher earners and for health and education staff.
The government says detailed Immigration Rules changes and commencement dates will follow, and the current five-year rules apply until then. The Home Office estimates more than 500,000 people will wait longer, in the biggest settlement overhaul in decades, covering Chinese migrants and students in the UK as well.
(Source: UK Home Office)
来源：英国内政部
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