路透分析：卢拉连任后巴西将优先在本国加工稀土，美国快速获取巴西稀土的希望落空
里约热内卢——路透社11月5日分析指出，巴西总统 Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva 连任后，美国总统特朗普快速获取巴西稀土资源的希望很可能落空：卢拉政府将出台新的行业规则，优先把稀土加工留在巴西国内，而不是把原矿直接出口。
巴西拥有全球第二大稀土储量。卢拉的挑战者 Flavio Bolsonaro 与特朗普家族关系密切，他若胜选，可能加快美国资本进入巴西矿产领域的速度。但选举结果相反。据三名理事会成员向路透社透露，新设立的「关键与战略矿产工业化国家委员会」（CIMCE）将制定新规，该委员会11月5日举行首次会议，卢拉将出席；美国投资仍会受到欢迎，但委员会将优先考虑在巴西境内加工稀土，而不是出口原材料。新规将涉及投资激励与优先项目的分类。
该委员会的权力还包括：核准持有关键矿产采矿权企业的控制权变更，并审批涉及关键矿产供应的国际合同、协议与合作，以确保「经济与地缘政治安全」。政府官员表示，将尽快推进，目标是在2027年头几个月内拿出规则文本。卢拉在第一轮投票前约两周已把巴西《关键与战略矿产国家政策》签署成法，并多次警告要防止外部势力以殖民方式掠夺巴西的自然资源。
目前巴西唯一商业化运营的大型稀土项目是 Serra Verde 矿，今年9月被美国政府支持的 USA Rare Earth 收购。中国拥有全球最大的稀土储量，确保其他来源的供应已成为美国政策的重点之一；据一名了解两国讨论的美国国务院官员今年早些时候对路透社表示，特朗普曾希望获得巴西稀土的优先准入。
关联：卢拉连任不到一周：执政联盟为财政紧缩划红线，巴西公共债务已达国内生产总值的82.9%
（来源：路透社）
Reuters Analysis: Lula's Reelection Dashes US Hopes of Fast Access to Brazil's Rare Earths as Brasilia Prioritizes Domestic Processing
Rio de Janeiro — Lula's reelection will likely dash President Donald Trump's hopes of securing fast access to Brazil's rare earth reserves, the world's second largest, Reuters reported in an analysis on November 5. Instead, Lula's government plans new regulations for the sector that will prioritize processing rare earths inside Brazil rather than exporting them as raw materials.
A victory for Lula's challenger Flavio Bolsonaro, whose family is close to Trump, could have sped up U.S. investment in Brazil's mineral wealth. Instead, three members of the newly created National Council for the Industrialization of Critical and Strategic Minerals (CIMCE) told Reuters, ahead of the council's first meeting on Thursday, November 5 — which Lula was set to attend — that U.S. investment will still be welcome, but the council will prioritize domestic processing. The new rules will govern investment incentives and the classification of priority projects.
The council also has powers to ratify changes of corporate control at companies holding mining rights for critical and strategic minerals, and to approve international contracts, agreements and partnerships involving their supply, to ensure "economic or geopolitical security." The government aims to move quickly so the regulations can be presented within the first few months of 2027. Lula signed Brazil's National Policy for Critical and Strategic Minerals into law about two weeks before the first round of voting, and has warned against a colonial-style scramble by outsiders for Brazil's natural resources.
The only Brazilian rare earth project operating commercially so far is the Serra Verde mine, acquired in September by the U.S. government-backed USA Rare Earth. China controls the world's largest rare earth reserves, and securing supplies elsewhere has become a U.S. policy focus; a State Department official with knowledge of the discussions told Reuters earlier this year that Trump had wanted preferential access to Brazil's rare earths.
(Source: Reuters)
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：巴西总统卢拉与美国总统特朗普（2026年5月）。照片 CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Brazilian President Lula da Silva with U.S. President Donald Trump (May 2026). CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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