交通部推四项动作简化商业航天发射许可：航天办公室扩招、2027年全面重写规则
华盛顿——美国交通部部长 Sean P. Duffy 11月5日宣布，联邦航空管理局（FAA）推出四项监管动作，简化商业航天发射与再入许可流程，并计划在2027年对相关规则作一次重大修订；交通部同时宣布为商业航天运输办公室启动扩招。
四项动作中，三项是拟议规则：一是明确何种情形下飞行中止（abort）并非强制要求，并允许运营商在飞行中开关中止能力；二是厘清中止必须发生的条件与门槛、以及何为有效中止；三是明确发射运营商在出现新的飞行器构型时无需重新申请许可。第四项是政策声明：采纳联邦航空管理局既有政策，让发射与再入运营商在遵守 14 CFR 420.65 与 420.67 的爆炸物选址要求时有更大灵活性。交通部表示，这些动作旨在减轻监管负担、增强运营灵活性，同时不降低联邦航空管理局的安全标准。
Duffy 说，商业航天是美国交通运输的未来，关键是发挥私营部门的巨大能力、同时守住联邦航空管理局的安全标准；更新过时规则，能让发射火箭更容易，也让天空对所有人保持安全。
扩招方面，商业航天运输办公室（AST）将增聘技术人员，包括航空航天工程师、环境保护专员与安全检查员，并运用新的直接招聘权限加快引进人才，以提速许可与许可证的审批处理。
联邦航空管理局局长 Bryan Bedford 表示，该局致力于提高商业航天运营的安全性、效率与可预期性，正简化流程、让行业能按市场需求的速度前进，确保美国保持商业航天竞赛的世界领先地位。
交通部还宣布，计划在2027年全面重写联邦航空管理局的商业航天规则 14 CFR Part 450，进一步减轻监管负担；重写将吸纳商业航天全行业的反馈，确保美国的监管框架继续保持全球标杆地位。
交通部表示，此举延续了该部近月推动美国商业航天领先地位的一系列动作：今年8月，Duffy 宣布联邦航空管理局已批准 SpaceX 将其位于 Texas 州 Starbase 的 Starship 发射次数由每年5次提高到25次；今年10月，他又宣布两项简化商业航天发射与再入许可环境审查的提案。
Transportation Department Unveils Four Actions to Streamline Commercial Space Licensing, With a Full Rules Rewrite Planned for 2027
Washington — U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean P. Duffy announced on November 5 that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is taking four regulatory actions to streamline commercial space launch and reentry licensing, along with plans for a major regulatory overhaul in 2027. The Department of Transportation also announced a hiring initiative for the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation.
Three of the four actions are proposed rules: one defines when a flight abort is not mandatory and allows operators to toggle abort capability during flight; a second clarifies the requirements and thresholds for when an abort must occur and what constitutes a valid abort; and a third clarifies that a launch operator does not need a new license when there is a new vehicle configuration. The fourth is a policy statement adopting existing FAA policy to give launch and reentry operators more flexibility in complying with the explosive siting requirements of 14 CFR 420.65 and 14 CFR 420.67. The department said the actions cut regulatory burdens and enhance operational flexibility without compromising FAA safety standards.
"Commercial space is the future of American transportation," Duffy said, adding that it is critical to harness the private sector's capability while maintaining the FAA's safety standards, and that updating outdated regulations makes it easier to launch rockets while keeping the sky safe for everyone.
On hiring, the Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) is adding technical staff — including aerospace engineers, environmental protection specialists, and safety inspectors — and will use new direct hiring authority to bring on talent faster, in order to expedite the processing of licenses and permits.
FAA Administrator Bryan Bedford said the FAA is committed to increasing the safety, efficiency, and predictability of commercial space operations, and is streamlining its processes so industry can move at the pace the market demands, ensuring the United States remains the world leader in the commercial space race.
By 2027, the department intends to launch a full rewrite of the FAA's commercial space regulations, 14 CFR Part 450, to further reduce regulatory burdens. The rewrite will incorporate feedback from across the commercial space industry.
The department said the move builds on its recent efforts to secure U.S. commercial space leadership: in August, Duffy announced that the FAA had approved a license for SpaceX to increase Starship launches from Starbase, Texas, from 5 to 25 per year, and in October he announced two proposals to streamline environmental reviews for commercial space launch and reentry licensing.
来源：美国交通部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国交通部总部大楼。照片：固定图库（美国联邦机构）。 / Photo: The U.S. Department of Transportation headquarters building in Washington. Photo: GSM federal asset library.
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