日本：国家防灾厅11月2日正式成立 编制逾350人统筹防灾、应急与重建
日本11月2日正式成立国家防灾厅，这是一个常设政府机构，旨在强化日本对重大地震、海啸、火山喷发及其他自然灾害的防范。首相高市早苗主持了机构的成立仪式，官员们在仪式上表示，日本需要更强的体系来为可能发生的灾难性事件做准备。
新机构编制超过350人，将统筹此前分散在多个政府部门的灾害预防、应急响应与重建工作。防灾厅由高市早苗领衔，由复兴大臣细野豪志负责管理；细野曾在2011年福岛核灾难期间在政府应对工作中扮演重要角色。
日本政府的情景测算显示，南海海槽一旦发生大地震，可能造成多达29.8万人死亡、约650万人需要疏散。政府强调，这些数字是严重灾害情景下的估算，用于支持防灾规划，并非对迫近灾害的预测；防灾厅的设立不意味着地震或火山喷发迫在眉睫，而是反映政府对长期自然灾害风险的评估。
（来源：日本内阁府）
Japan: National Disaster Management Agency Launched on November 2 With More Than 350 Personnel to Coordinate Preparedness, Response and Reconstruction
Japan established a new National Disaster Management Agency on Monday, November 2, 2026, introducing a permanent government organisation intended to strengthen the country's preparedness for major earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi presided over its inauguration as officials warned that Japan needed stronger systems to prepare for potentially catastrophic events.
The organisation, involving more than 350 personnel, will coordinate disaster prevention, emergency responses and reconstruction activities that were previously managed through arrangements involving multiple government ministries. It is headed by Takaichi and managed by Reconstruction Minister Goshi Hosono, who previously played a prominent role in the government's response to the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Japanese government scenarios suggest that a major earthquake along the Nankai Trough could cause as many as 298,000 deaths and force approximately 6.5 million people to evacuate. The government stresses that these figures are estimates under severe disaster scenarios intended to support preparedness planning, not predictions of an approaching disaster, and that the agency's creation reflects an assessment of long-term natural disaster risks.
来源：日本内阁府
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：照片：日本佐世保市防灾演练（资料图），美国海军 摄，Wikimedia Commons，公共领域 / Photo: A disaster drill in Sasebo, Japan (file photo), by U.S. Navy, Wikimedia Commons, public domain
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
