财政部制裁伊朗影子船队海事欺诈网络：印度夫妇假旗登记与土耳其地勤公司被列名
美国财政部11月4日在 Washington 宣布，作为「经济驱逐行动」（Operation Economic Outcast）的一部分，制裁一个为伊朗影子船队提供假船旗与虚假海事证书的庞大犯罪网络。被列名的核心人物是常驻印度的 Suniel Kumar Sharma 与其配偶 Jaspreet Preeti Shahid，财政部指两人多年来通过伪造多个法域的海事登记机关，为运输伊朗石油的受制裁船只提供假旗，其中包括为伊朗军方及其代理人运营的船只。
财政部长 Scott Bessent 表示，在「经济驱逐行动」之下，财政部清楚掌握相关人员的位置，将继续制裁无论在陆地、海上还是空中支持伊朗政权的人。财政部指出，假旗与假证书使非法船只逃避旨在保障船员安全与防止环境损害的国际规则，挂假旗的船只没有有效的保赔保险，一旦在沿岸国家水域出事，可能给当地经济造成数十亿美元损失。
据财政部公布的细节，Sharma 与 Shahid 的操作最早可追溯到2014年冒充加勒比国家 Dominica 船旗机关一事。2023年，Sharma 在新加坡设立 Eswatini Maritime Affairs and International Ship Registry PTE. Ltd.，尽管斯威士兰当局已公开否认，该机构仍在为运输伊朗石油的船只提供登记服务，包括受制裁船只 PING SHUN。两人的网络还购买域名、搭建冒充 Aruba、Guyana、Mali、Mozambique、Malawi、Sint Maarten 与 Timor-Leste 等地登记机关的网站，出售船旗、海员培训认证与船舶分级等本应由合法机构办理的服务。2026年4月22日，美国战争部曾登临并扣押一艘挂假 Guyana 船旗、装载伊朗石油的 MAJESTIC X 号。
财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）依据第13902号行政令列名 Sharma、Shahid 夫妇及其控制的多家印度与新加坡实体，包括 Oceaniek Technologies India、Aryavart Ship Management Private Limited、Eswatini Maritime 等，并列名两名名义董事 Ashwani Kumar Dhiman 与 Ishwinder Singh。
同日被列名的还有总部位于土耳其的 Fugo Ground Services Inc：该公司为多家已被美国列名的伊朗航空公司提供地勤服务，包括 Iran Air Tour、Saha Airlines、Sepehran Airlines、Varesh Airlines、Taban Airlines 与 Ata Airlines，且在这些航司2026年9月8日被列名后数周内即开始提供服务，OFAC 依据同一行政令以其在伊朗航空业运营为由将其列名。OFAC 同时发布新的行业警示，提醒业界警惕与可能挂假旗船只交易的制裁风险。
按制裁规定，被列名人员在美国境内或由美国人控制的全部财产与财产权益均被冻结并须向 OFAC 报告，美国人原则上禁止与其交易；由被列名人员直接或间接合计持有50%以上的实体同样被冻结。（来源：美国财政部）
Treasury Sanctions Maritime Fraud Network Behind Iran's Shadow Fleet: False-Flag Registries and Turkish Ground Handler Designated
The U.S. Department of the Treasury announced in Washington on November 4 that, as part of Operation Economic Outcast, it has sanctioned a vast criminal network that provided false flags and fake maritime certifications to Iran's shadow fleet. The network's central figures are India-based Suniel Kumar Sharma and his spouse, Jaspreet Preeti Shahid, whom Treasury says have for years defrauded maritime regulatory administrations in multiple jurisdictions to set up false flagging authorities for sanctioned vessels transporting Iranian petroleum, including vessels operating on behalf of the Iranian military and its proxies.
Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent said that under Operation Economic Outcast, Treasury knows where those supporting the Iranian regime are and will sanction them whether by land, sea, or air. Treasury said false flags and fake certifications let illicit vessels evade international rules meant to ensure crew safety and prevent environmental harm, and that falsely flagged vessels carry no valid protection and indemnity insurance, meaning a shadow fleet vessel could cause billions of dollars in damage to the economies of countries in whose waters it operates.
According to Treasury, Sharma and Shahid's operations began as early as 2014, when the couple sought to impersonate the flagging authority of Dominica. In 2023, Sharma established Singapore-based Eswatini Maritime Affairs and International Ship Registry PTE. Ltd., which, despite being publicly disavowed by Eswatini authorities, continues to provide flagging services for vessels transporting Iranian petroleum, including the sanctioned vessel PING SHUN (IMO 9231901). The network also buys web domains and builds sites purporting to offer flagging services on behalf of Aruba, Guyana, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Sint Maarten, and Timor-Leste, among others, selling flagging, seafarer training and certification, and vessel classification. On April 22, 2026, the U.S. Department of War seized the false Guyana-flagged MAJESTIC X, formerly PHONIX (IMO 9198317), while it was carrying Iranian oil.
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated Sharma, Shahid, and entities they control, including Oceaniek Technologies India, Aryavart Ship Management Private Limited, and Eswatini Maritime, under Executive Order 13902, along with nominal directors Ashwani Kumar Dhiman and Ishwinder Singh.
Also designated the same day was Türkiye-based Fugo Ground Services Inc, which provides ground handling to several U.S.-designated Iranian airlines, including Iran Air Tour, Saha Airlines, Sepehran Airlines, Varesh Airlines, Taban Airlines, and Ata Airlines Company, and began serving several of them in the weeks after their September 8, 2026 designations. OFAC designated Fugo under the same executive order for operating in the aviation sector of Iran's economy. OFAC also issued a new industry alert warning of the sanctions risks of dealing with potentially falsely flagged vessels.
As a result of the action, all property and interests in property of the designated persons that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC, and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from transactions involving them; entities owned 50 percent or more by blocked persons are also blocked. (Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury)
来源：美国财政部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国财政部大楼正面（Washington，联邦固定图库）。Sealy j 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: U.S. Department of the Treasury Building in Washington (federal fixed asset library). Photo by Sealy j, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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