西撒哈拉：联合国联撒团授权到期结束35年存在 安理会美俄草案互遭否决、公投始终未举行
联合国西撒哈拉全民投票特派团（联撒团，MINURSO）的授权于10月31日午夜到期，特派团行动随之结束，联合国11月1日进入清算期。联撒团1991年依安理会第690号决议设立，任务是监督摩洛哥与波利萨里奥阵线之间的停火，并筹备让西撒哈拉人民在独立与并入摩洛哥之间作出选择的公投；该公投始终未能举行。
授权到期源于安理会10月30日的表决僵局：美国提出的草案（S/2026/868）获11票赞成、中国、巴基斯坦与索马里3票弃权，但遭俄罗斯否决，该草案拟把特派团更名为联合国西撒哈拉特派团、去掉名称中代表「全民投票」的字样，并以摩洛哥2007年自治计划为谈判唯一基础；俄罗斯提出的对照草案（S/2026/870）拟按原样延长授权一年，仅获俄罗斯、中国与索马里3票赞成，美国投反对票、11国弃权，同样未获通过。联撒团上一期授权由安理会2025年10月31日第2797号决议延至2026年10月31日。
联合国秘书长古特雷斯11月1日通过发言人发表声明，重申联合国支持通过谈判达成持久政治解决的承诺；秘书长西撒哈拉问题个人特使德米斯图拉的工作将继续。俄罗斯在解释否决时称，美方草案有把单方面方案强加于当事方的风险，并形容其否决是「救命的否决」。
（来源：联合国）
Western Sahara: UN Mission MINURSO Ends After 35 Years as Mandate Expires, With US and Russian Drafts Vetoed in the Security Council and the Referendum Never Held
The mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) expired at midnight on October 31, the mission's operations ended, and the United Nations entered a liquidation period on November 1. MINURSO was established by Security Council Resolution 690 in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire between Morocco and the Frente POLISARIO and to prepare a referendum in which the people of Western Sahara would choose between independence and integration with Morocco; that referendum never took place.
The expiry followed a divided Security Council meeting on October 30. A draft resolution presented by the United States (S/2026/868) received 11 votes in favour with China, Pakistan and Somalia abstaining, but was vetoed by Russia; the US text would have renamed the mission the United Nations Mission in Western Sahara, dropping the word "Referendum" from its name, and made Morocco's 2007 autonomy plan the sole basis for negotiations. A rival Russian draft (S/2026/870), proposing a one-year extension of the existing mandate, received only three votes in favour, from Russia, China and Somalia, with the United States voting against and 11 members abstaining, and also failed. MINURSO's previous mandate had been extended to October 31, 2026 by Resolution 2797, adopted on October 31, 2025.
In a statement delivered by his spokesperson on November 1, Secretary-General António Guterres reaffirmed the UN's commitment to supporting negotiations aimed at securing a lasting political settlement, and the work of his Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, Staffan de Mistura, will continue. Explaining its veto, Russia argued the US draft risked imposing a one-sided solution on the parties, describing the move as "a life-saving veto, so to speak".
来源：联合国
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：照片：在西撒哈拉服役的联合国联撒团人员（资料图），Óglaigh na hÉireann 摄，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 2.0 授权 / Photo: A UN MINURSO peacekeeper serving in Western Sahara (file photo), by Óglaigh na hÉireann, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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