土地管理局削减阿拉斯加州超选土地逾500万英亩：逾400万英亩即刻开放生计优先与矿业申请
美国土地管理局（BLM）在阿拉斯加州 Anchorage 宣布，该局已采取行动，把阿拉斯加州在其建州权益中的超选（overselections）削减逾500万英亩，朝着落实建州权益、理清全州土地格局迈出关键一步。
据土地管理局说明，这批被削减的面积包括逾400万英亩的选地（selections）与近100万英亩的顶层申报（top filings），相关地块最初由阿拉斯加州自然资源部主持的一个独立公开程序识别确定。
土地管理局表示，依赖联邦公共土地的阿拉斯加居民、包括符合联邦资格的生计使用者，将从这一行动中受益：逾400万英亩土地即刻按《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》适用联邦生计优先。这一行动也有利于阿拉斯加的矿业部门，逾400万英亩土地向联邦矿业权申请的潜在标桩开放。
土地管理局阿拉斯加州主任 Kevin Pendergast 说：「今天的行动，是我们在兑现50多年前所作承诺的工作中迈出的历史性一步。我们将继续与州政府、阿拉斯加原住民公司、部落及其他伙伴合作，推进各项土地权益的落实，为阿拉斯加人带来确定性。」
1959年《阿拉斯加建州法》及相关法律授权把1.05亿英亩联邦土地移交阿拉斯加州。土地管理局迄今已移交其中逾96%，尚余约380万英亩权益未落实。在此次行动之前，该州的选地逾1,300万英亩、顶层申报近500万英亩；《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》与《阿拉斯加土地移交加速法》允许该州保留最高达其权益125%的超选，但其选地规模随时间已超过这一上限。
土地管理局表示，该局将继续推进这项已持续50多年、美国规模最大的联邦土地移交工作，并提到内政部此前已采取行动撤销冻结建州权益进展的土地冻结令，例如今年早些时候被撤销的 Dalton Corridor 冻结令。（来源：美国土地管理局）
BLM Cuts Alaska Overselections by More Than 5 Million Acres: Over 4 Million Acres Open Immediately to Subsistence Priority and Mining Claims
The Bureau of Land Management announced in Anchorage, Alaska, that it has taken historic action to reduce the State of Alaska's overselections toward its statehood entitlement by more than 5 million acres, a key step in fulfilling statehood entitlements and settling Alaska's land pattern.
The acres include more than 4 million acres of selections and nearly 1 million acres of top filings, initially identified through a separate public process managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, the BLM said.
Alaskans who depend on federal public lands, including federally qualified subsistence users, will benefit from the action, the agency said. It immediately opens more than 4 million additional acres of land to the Federal Subsistence priority under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, and opens 4 million acres to potential staking of federal mining claims.
"Today's action represents a historic step forward in our work to deliver on promises made more than 50 years ago," said BLM Alaska State Director Kevin Pendergast. "We will continue working with the state, Alaska Native Corporations, tribes, and other partners to make progress on all land entitlements and bring certainty to Alaskans."
The Alaska Statehood Act of 1959 and associated acts authorized the transfer of 105 million acres of federal land to the State of Alaska. The BLM has conveyed over 96 percent of that entitlement to date, and approximately 3.8 million acres remain. Before the action, the state had more than 13 million acres of selections and nearly 5 million acres of top filings; the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act and the Alaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act allow the state to maintain excess selections up to 125 percent of its entitlement, but the state's selections had exceeded that threshold over time.
The BLM said it will continue its more than 50-year effort to deliver on the largest federal land transfer effort ever undertaken in the United States, and noted that the Department of the Interior has also revoked withdrawals that froze progress on statehood entitlements, such as the Dalton Corridor withdrawal revoked earlier this year. (Source: Bureau of Land Management)
来源：美国土地管理局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：阿拉斯加州 Steese 国家保护区内 Birch Creek 野生与风景河上方的山脊与驯鹿群。美国土地管理局摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Caribou on ridges above Birch Creek Wild and Scenic River in Alaska's Steese National Conservation Area. By the Bureau of Land Management, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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