英国：内政大臣公布赚得定居模式 永居默认等待期延至10年 高收入者3年可定居
英国内政大臣 Shabana Mahmood 11月2日在议会公布「赚得定居」模式：在英国永久居住的权利将不再在五年后近乎自动授予，而是取决于申请人的贡献与品行。最高收入者可在3年内定居；年收入超过50271英镑者与医生、护士、教师等部分公共服务人员可在5年后定居；其他人的新默认等待期为10年；违反移民规则者至少要等20年。
任何寻求定居的人都须先满足四项不可谈判的条件：无犯罪记录（门槛由现行的12个月缓刑收紧）、英语达到高标准（相当于外国语 A-Level 水平）、不欠纳税人债务，以及有持续缴纳国民保险的记录。政府估计，超过50万人将等待超过5年才能定居，并为福利账单节省数十亿英镑；无人会被迫离开，每人都有公平机会申请可通往10年定居的新签证。已持有定居身份者的权利不会被取消，英国公民家属、香港英国国民（海外）与军人保留现行通道。
改革对护理人员设新安排：疫情期间满足签证条件、年收入至少25000英镑的护理人员可在5年后定居；未达标者（约占四分之一）将获得一次为期五年的新签证「第二次机会」，完成后方可申请。难民方面，经内政部批准路线抵达者5年可定居，其他人20年、工作或学习者减为10年；乘小船等非法方式入境者再加10年，最长可达30年。首相 Andy Burnham 表示支持，称人们希望移民制度建立在管控、贡献与奖励守规者之上。Mahmood 说：「定居身份是这个国家能给予的最宝贵权利之一。直到现在，它近乎自动地被给予。从今天起，它必须靠挣得。」
United Kingdom: Home Secretary Unveils Earned Settlement Model With 10-Year Default Wait and 3-Year Route for Highest Earners
UK Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood set out an "earned settlement" model before Parliament on November 2: the right to live in the UK forever will no longer be granted almost automatically after five years, and how long someone waits will depend on their contribution and character. The highest earners will be able to settle within 3 years; those earning more than £50,271 and some public service workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers will be able to settle after 5 years; others face a new default of 10 years; and those who have breached immigration rules will only be able to settle after at least 20 years.
Anyone seeking settlement must first meet four non-negotiable conditions: a spotless criminal record, tightened from the current threshold of a 12-month suspended sentence; English spoken to a high standard, equivalent to A-Level English as a foreign language; no debt owed to the taxpayer; and a record of sustained National Insurance contributions. The government estimates over 500,000 people will wait longer than five years to settle, taking billions off the welfare bill; no one will be forced to leave, and everyone will have a fair chance to apply for new visas leading to settlement after 10 years. Settled status will never be removed from anyone who already holds it, and family members of British citizens, Hong Kong British Nationals (Overseas) and members of the armed forces keep their current pathways.
Care workers who met their visa conditions and earned at least £25,000 a year during the pandemic period will be able to settle after five years, in recognition of their contribution; those who do not qualify, around a quarter of the total, will be offered a new five-year visa as a second chance, applying for settlement only once completed. Refugees on Home Office-approved routes will be able to settle after five years, others at 20 years, reduced to 10 years for those who work or study, and anyone who arrived by small boat or another clandestine means faces an additional 10 years, up to 30 in total. Prime Minister Andy Burnham backed the plan, saying people want a system based on control, contribution and rewarding those who play by the rules. "Settled status is one of the most valuable rights this country can offer. Until now it has been given almost automatically. From today, it must be earned," Mahmood said.
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图片来源：照片：英国内政部大楼（伦敦），Lewis Clarke 摄，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 2.0 授权 / Photo: The UK Home Office building in London, by Lewis Clarke, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
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