特斯拉与三星反对美国对越南加征新关税：知识产权301调查11月29日到期，企业界意见分裂
河内——美国企业界对华盛顿是否应在本月对越南商品加征新关税意见分裂。据路透社11月2日报道，提交给美国政府的意见文件显示，特斯拉与三星不在赞成之列，而另一些行业团体则要求施加惩罚；特朗普政府已定下11月29日这一期限，结束今年5月就越南涉嫌知识产权违规启动的贸易调查。
美国贸易代表办公室5月29日依《1974年贸易法》第301条启动调查，指越南「长期未能解决知识产权保护与执法的老问题」。目前尚不清楚与知识产权挂钩的关税会是普遍征收还是分行业征收。美国现已对越南商品征收12.5%的普遍关税，那是今年7月一项关于强迫劳动产品进口的调查之后加征的。
电动汽车制造商特斯拉在7月2日提交的意见中敦促美国贸易代表「考虑美国制造商的供应链需求」，称尽管在美国生产上投入巨大，一些先进零部件与精密制造设备仍无法在美国国内采购。三星的美国子公司提出类似论点，称越南生产了三星销往美国市场的相当大份额的智能手机与网络设备。代表鞋类、服装、自行车与游戏机等在越南大量设厂行业的零售与贸易团体，同样反对追加关税。
另一边，美国钢铁、海产、胶合板、太阳能板与木材生产商的行业团体指控越南存在不公平做法、呼吁加征新关税；商业软件联盟则敦促采取行动，称越南电脑上约四分之三的软件未获授权。越南方面敦促华盛顿客观开展调查。路透社指出，越南对美出口今年前八个月同比增长42%，其对美商品顺差已居各贸易伙伴之首，排在中国与墨西哥之前。（来源：路透社）
Tesla and Samsung Oppose New U.S. Tariffs on Vietnam as November 29 Probe Deadline Nears and Business Opinion Splits
Hanoi — Businesses are divided over whether Washington should propose new tariffs on Vietnamese goods this month. According to a Reuters report on November 2, submissions to the U.S. government show Tesla and Samsung are not in favour of new duties, while others have called for penalties; the Trump administration has set a November 29 deadline to conclude a trade probe launched in May over Vietnam's alleged intellectual property violations.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative opened the investigation on May 29 under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, accusing Vietnam of a persistent failure to resolve long-standing concerns about IP protection and enforcement. It is not clear whether any tariffs linked to the IP violations would be general or sector-specific. The United States currently levies a general 12.5% tariff on Vietnamese goods, imposed in July after a separate investigation into alleged failures to prevent imports of goods made with forced labour.
Electric car maker Tesla, in comments sent on July 2, urged the USTR to take into account the supply chain needs of American manufacturers, saying some advanced components and precision manufacturing equipment cannot be sourced domestically despite major investments in U.S. production. Samsung's U.S. unit made a similar argument, noting that Vietnam produces a significant share of the Samsung smartphones and network equipment sold in the U.S. market. Retail groups and trade associations representing industries with extensive manufacturing operations in Vietnam, including footwear, apparel, bicycles and video game consoles, also opposed additional tariffs.
Industry groups representing U.S. producers of steel, seafood, plywood, solar panels and wood products accused Vietnam of unfair practices and called for new tariffs, while the Business Software Alliance pressed for action, citing a large share of unlicensed software on Vietnamese computers. Vietnam has urged Washington to conduct its investigations objectively. Reuters noted that Vietnam's exports to the United States surged 42% in the first eight months of this year compared with the same period in 2025, making it the U.S. trading partner with the largest goods surplus ahead of China and Mexico. (Source: Reuters)
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：越南首都河内天际线（资料图）。照片：CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Hanoi, Vietnam skyline (file photo). CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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