犹他州开始执行网络年龄验证：超三分之一内容涉未成年人有害信息的网站须验证成年身份
犹他州11月2日起开始执行其网络年龄验证法中未被联邦法院叫停的部分。据报道，犹他州商务部与消费者保护处上周五宣布，从11月2日星期一起执行SB 73法案的年龄验证要求：该法认定的、超过三分之一内容属于「对未成年人有害信息」的网站，须采取「合理的年龄验证方法」，确保18岁以下人士无法访问相关内容，成年人访问这类网站须先证明年龄。
法案列出的验证方式包括数字化身份证件、对照政府与企业常用数据库核查用户信息的第三方服务、依赖公共或私人交易数据的商业合理方法，以及管理部门以规则确定的其他方法；法案规定，网站或第三方验证方在授权访问后不得保留个人的身份信息。消费者保护处可对每次违规处以最高2,500美元罚款。该法还对受覆盖网站的交易征收2%的税，收入注入「未成年人网络安全受限账户」，用于资助该处的执法活动，这项税已于10月1日生效。新闻与公共利益内容、互联网服务提供商、搜索引擎和云服务商不在此限。管理部门表示，网站已有成熟的商业年龄保障工具可供使用，执行情况将通过专门的计算与审计手段核查。
法案的另一部分曾规定，只要实际位于犹他州内即视为州内人士，不论是否使用虚拟私人网络或代理；美国地区法官戴维·巴洛（David Barlow）裁定该条款因地理定位无法做到完全准确而予以叫停，相关诉讼目前暂停，年龄验证部分则继续执行。法案发起人、州参议员卡尔文·穆塞尔曼（Calvin Musselman）表示，执行年龄验证是保护犹他州青少年免受露骨内容影响的必要一步。
（来源：Reclaim the Net）
Utah Begins Enforcing Online Age Verification for Sites Where Over a Third of Content Is Harmful to Minors
Utah on November 2 began enforcing the part of its online age verification law, SB 73, that a federal court has not blocked. The Utah Department of Commerce and Division of Consumer Protection announced the previous Friday that it would start enforcing the requirement from Monday, November 2: sites where more than one-third of the material is 'material harmful to minors,' as the law defines it, must use 'reasonable age verification methods' to make sure people under 18 cannot access the content, meaning adults must first prove their age.
The methods the law spells out include a digitized identification card, a third-party service that checks a user's details against databases regularly used by government agencies and businesses, any commercially reasonable method relying on public or private transactional data, and other methods the division sets by rule; sites and verification providers may not retain an individual's identifying information after access is granted. The division can fine sites up to $2,500 per violation. The law also levies a 2% tax on covered sites' transactions, in effect since October 1, funding the 'Minor Online Safety Restricted Account' that finances the division's enforcement; bona fide news and public-interest material, internet service providers, search engines and cloud providers are exempt. The division said established commercial age-assurance tools are available and that compliance will be checked through specialized computing and auditing infrastructure.
Another part of the law, which treated anyone actually located in Utah as in-state regardless of VPN or proxy use, was blocked by U.S. District Judge David Barlow, who ruled that geolocation perfection is not presently possible; the lawsuit is paused while the age-verification part is enforced. The bill's sponsor, Senator Calvin Musselman, said enforcing age verification is a necessary step to shield Utah's youth from explicit material.
(Source: Reclaim the Net)
来源：Reclaim the Net
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于盐湖城的犹他州议会大厦。GyozaDumpling 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City. By GyozaDumpling, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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