默克尔莱比锡获奖演讲：入籍的叙利亚人与东德人同属「人民」，民粹政党在按公民资历分等级
莱比锡——德国前总理默克尔11月1日在莱比锡布商大厦音乐厅领取国际门德尔松奖（欧洲类）时发表演讲，警告自由生活的承诺正承受压力，并批评民粹政党按人们成为公民的时间长短来区分人群。她说，这类政党试图把社会分成「人民」与「精英」，再按入籍先后把公民分出等级，制造对立、煽动仇恨与嫉妒；她在公开报道的演讲部分没有点名任何政党。
默克尔说，德国的一切权力来自人民，而「人民」就是全体德国公民：「没有人会问：你是后来从东德来的，还是三年前才作为叙利亚人到来的？所有德国公民都是人民。」她这番把东德人与三年前入籍的叙利亚人并列的话，在德国国内引发争议。批评者如《青年自由报》指出，这一类比在历史上站不住：东德公民自出生即持有德国国籍——联邦德国《基本法》坚持单一德国国籍，联邦宪法法院1987年的裁决亦确认取得东德国籍者同时被视为德国公民，东德人西迁时无需申请入籍；而叙利亚人是通过申请获得公民身份的，两条路径根本不同。
这场争论与德国的入籍政策直接相连：上一届联合政府曾允许融入表现突出者三年入籍，2025年10月30日生效的法律修改已取消这一快速通道。联邦统计局的初步数据显示，2025年共有33.25万名外国人入籍德国，其中叙利亚人6.56万、连续多年居首，入籍时平均已在德国居住7.9年。
默克尔2005年至2021年任德国总理，2015年难民危机期间德国接收了大批叙利亚难民，出自她任内的政策至今仍是德国移民争论的焦点。此次门德尔松奖授予她，以表彰其对欧洲的贡献；颁奖典礼所在的莱比锡音乐节于11月1日至8日举行。
（来源：德国新闻社）
Merkel in Leipzig Speech: Naturalised Syrians Belong to 'the People' as Much as East Germans, as Populists Rank Citizens by Seniority
Leipzig — Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel used her acceptance speech for the International Mendelssohn Prize Leipzig (Europe category) at the Gewandhaus on November 1 to warn that the promise of a life in freedom is under pressure, accusing populist parties of dividing citizens according to how recently they became German. Such parties, she said, try to separate 'the people' from 'the elites' and to rank citizens by how long they have held citizenship, creating hierarchies and stoking hatred and envy; she named no party in the reported portions of the speech.
All power in Germany emanates from the people, Merkel emphasised, and the people comprise all German citizens: 'And no one asks: Did you only come later from East Germany, or did you perhaps arrive as a Syrian just three years ago? All German citizens are the people.' Her comparison drew criticism at home. Outlets such as Junge Freiheit called it historically incorrect, noting that East Germans held German citizenship from birth — the Basic Law upheld a single German citizenship, and the Constitutional Court's 1987 Teso decision confirmed that acquiring East German citizenship made a person a German citizen in the Federal Republic as well, so East Germans moving west never needed naturalisation — whereas Syrians obtained citizenship by applying for it, along fundamentally different paths.
The debate connects directly to naturalisation policy: the previous coalition government had allowed citizenship after three years for exceptional integration, an option abolished by a law change that took effect on October 30, 2025. Preliminary Destatis figures show 332,500 foreign nationals became German citizens in 2025, with Syrians the largest group at 65,600, as they have been every year since 2021; they had lived in Germany an average of 7.9 years when naturalised.
Merkel, chancellor from 2005 to 2021, opened Germany's doors to large numbers of Syrian refugees during the 2015 crisis, and policies from her tenure remain at the centre of Germany's migration debate. The Mendelssohn Prize honoured her commitment to Europe; the award ceremony formed part of a Leipzig festival running November 1 to 8.
(Source: dpa)
来源：德国新闻社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：德国前总理默克尔（2019年基民盟党代会资料图）。Olaf Kosinsky 摄影，CC BY-SA 3.0 de，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel at a CDU party conference in 2019 (file photo). Photo by Olaf Kosinsky, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
