波兰宪法法院院长遭停职、警察进驻法院：总统纳沃茨基中断塞内加尔行程半途返航
波兰首都华沙的宪法法院10月30日陷入对峙：法院法官安娜·科尔温-皮奥特罗夫斯卡宣布，将法院院长波格丹·希维奇科夫斯基与副院长巴尔特沃米耶·索汉斯基停职一个月，理由是两人未尽职责、阻挠议会多数派选出的法官履职；她称自己作为任职最久的法官接掌法院，以恢复法治。停职通知当晚约6时登上法院网站，网站随后无法打开。
大批警察当晚进驻宪法法院周边。法院外聚集了反对党法律与公正党的支持者抗议停职，其间有人冲破围栏、向警察投掷物品，警方称共拘捕3人；警方表示，部署是应科尔温-皮奥特罗夫斯卡关于法官与工作人员安全受威胁的报告而出动，警察没有进入法庭大楼内部。法院官方社交账号则称网站遭「非法接管」、停职是「政变」，希维奇科夫斯基仍是院长，并称科尔温-皮奥特罗夫斯卡未经总统主持宣誓、无权接掌法院。
正在飞往塞内加尔途中出访的总统卡罗尔·纳沃茨基得知消息后下令专机返航。他在社交平台写道：「在这样的时刻，总统必须在波兰。我正中断飞往塞内加尔的行程，正在返回。」返抵华沙后，纳沃茨基先在总统府会见希维奇科夫斯基与最高法院第一院长兹比格涅夫·卡平斯基，其幕僚长称总统随后由卡平斯基陪同进入宪法法院大楼。法律与公正党领袖雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基在法院外向抗议者发表讲话，称此举是对法院的攻击。
总理唐纳德·图斯克为停职决定辩护，称恢复法治是政府的职责，这一过程「困难、有时痛苦」，需要果断行动。司法部长兼总检察长瓦尔德马尔·茹雷克表示，他已申请解除希维奇科夫斯基与索汉斯基的豁免权，理由是两人阻挠法官履职。
这场对峙是波兰司法之争的最新升级：宪法法院的人事僵局已持续数月——纳沃茨基拒绝为议会选出的6名法官中的3人主持宣誓，希维奇科夫斯基也拒绝让现议会多数选出的法官履职，法院运作几近瘫痪，欧洲人权法院曾裁定法院须接纳这些法官。希维奇科夫斯基是法律与公正党执政时期任命的法官，曾任该党政府的司法部副部长；他此前指控图斯克政府官员图谋改写宪政体制。法律专家对停职令的法律依据意见不一，事态仍在发展。
来源：GSM·美国
Poland's Top Court Chief Suspended as Police Deploy at Tribunal; President Nawrocki Aborts Senegal Trip Mid-Flight
Poland's Constitutional Tribunal in Warsaw plunged into a standoff on October 30 as Judge Anna Korwin-Piotrowska announced a one-month suspension of the court's president, Bogdan Święczkowski, and his deputy, Bartłomiej Sochański, accusing them of failing their duties by blocking judges elected by the parliamentary majority from taking their seats. Korwin-Piotrowska, elected by the current Sejm in March 2026, said that as the longest-serving judge she was taking over the court to restore the rule of law. The notice appeared on the tribunal's website around 6 p.m., after which the site went dark.
Police deployed in force around the tribunal on Friday evening as supporters of the opposition Law and Justice party protested the suspension. Some demonstrators forced through fencing and hurled objects at officers, and police said three people were detained. Police said the deployment followed Korwin-Piotrowska's report of threats to judges and staff, and that officers did not enter the tribunal building itself. The court's official social media account called the website takeover unlawful and the suspension a 'coup d'état,' insisting Święczkowski remains president and that Korwin-Piotrowska, who has not been sworn in by the president, cannot lead the court.
President Karol Nawrocki, airborne en route to Senegal, ordered his plane turned around. 'At a moment like this, the President must be in Poland. I am interrupting my flight to Senegal. I am returning,' he wrote. Back in Warsaw he met Święczkowski and Supreme Court First President Zbigniew Kapiński at the presidential palace, and his chief of staff said the president later entered the tribunal building accompanied by Kapiński. Law and Justice leader Jarosław Kaczyński addressed protesters outside the court, calling the move an attack on the tribunal.
Prime Minister Donald Tusk defended the suspension, saying restoring the rule of law is the government's duty, in a process that is 'difficult, sometimes painful' and requires decisive action. Justice Minister and Prosecutor General Waldemar Żurek said he has requested the lifting of immunity for Święczkowski and Sochański over their blocking of judges.
The confrontation is the latest escalation of Poland's long-running judiciary battle. The tribunal has been effectively paralysed for months: Nawrocki has refused to swear in three of six judges elected by parliament, Święczkowski has declined to seat judges chosen by the current majority, and the European Court of Human Rights has ordered the court to admit them. Święczkowski, a former deputy justice minister under Law and Justice, has accused Tusk's government of plotting to rewrite the constitutional order. Legal experts are divided on the legal basis of the suspension order, and the standoff is still developing.
Source: GSM News
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：位于华沙的波兰宪法法院大楼（Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 3.0）
