联邦通信委员会11月19日表决新提案：中国移动、中国电信与中国联通将被禁止直接接入美国电话号码
据路透社报道，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）10月29日（周四）宣布，将于11月19日表决一项提案：禁止中国移动、中国电信、中国联通以及其他提供网络电话（IP）服务的运营商直接接入美国电话号码。委员会称此举基于国家安全考虑，目的之一是防止诈骗骚扰电话利用这些号码通道进入美国电话网络。FCC 官网公布的11月公开会议议程已列入这一表决事项。
对网络电话服务商而言，直接接入美国号码资源成本更低，也更容易提供高级通话功能。FCC 主席 Brendan Carr 在声明中说：「这一决定将加强我们抵御不法行为人与非法骚扰电话的第一道防线。」中国外交部10月30日（周五）表示，中方坚决反对这一可能的禁令，指美方泛化国家安全概念、滥用国家力量打压中国企业；中国驻美使馆在路透社最初报道时未即时置评。
FCC 周四同时表示，还计划禁止使用其国家安全风险「覆盖清单」上企业设备（包括华为与中兴）的网络电话服务商，并将自2028年12月起禁止所有中国实验室检测输美电子产品——实验室一项已于10月29日另行表决通过；委员会还可能吊销被其认定构成国家安全风险的中国企业已取得的号码直接接入授权。此外，禁止相关企业接入美国网络、在美国运营数据中心等措施也在考虑之中。
从 FCC 公布的草案文本看，这套规则并非逐一点名某一家企业，而是按类别设规：11月19日表决的命令部分将要求网络电话号码授权的申请者与现有持证者作出认证，说明自己不属于 FCC 国家安全「覆盖清单」上的实体或其关联企业、网络中不使用「受覆盖」的通信设备或服务、且未曾因国家安全或执法原因被拒绝或吊销国际或国内 214 条款授权；配套的拟议规则部分则进一步提议推定：属于覆盖清单的申请者原则上不具备持有号码授权的资格，除非能以清楚而有说服力的证据推翻这一推定。中国移动、中国电信与中国联通的美国子公司均名列 FCC 覆盖清单（涉及其 214 条款电信服务），因此被路透社等媒体概括为将受此禁令影响的对象。
三家中国运营商此前已被 FCC 禁止向美国提供国际电信服务。此番收紧的背景是近年美国对电信网络安全的担忧上升：华盛顿2024年末称，一个与中国有关的网络间谍组织「盐台风」（Salt Typhoon）窃取了消费者的通话记录并渗透美国电信基础设施；联邦调查局（FBI）今年表示，盐台风构成的威胁「仍在持续」。今年7月，FCC 还将加州企业 Digitalsystem Technology 列入国家安全风险清单，理由包括其与中国电信企业的关联及由中国公民持股。中国方面一贯否认相关不当行为指控。
关联：跟进：美国FCC正式通过设备检测实验室互惠规则，2028年12月1日起只认可美国或互惠经济体的实验室
关联：美国FCC通过跨境通信安全新规：国际214条款授权商须守网络安全底线
FCC to Vote November 19 on Proposal Banning China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom From Direct Access to U.S. Phone Numbers
The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) said on Thursday, October 29, that it will vote on November 19 on a proposal to ban China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, along with other providers of internet-based (IP) phone services, from direct access to US telephone numbers, according to Reuters. The commission cited national security grounds and said the measure is designed in part to prevent scam robocalls from exploiting that access. The item appears on the tentative agenda for the FCC's November 19 open meeting published on the commission's website.
For voice-over-IP providers, direct access to US numbering resources is a much cheaper option and makes it easier to offer advanced features. "With this decision, the FCC will be strengthening our first line of defense against bad actors and illegal robocalls," FCC Chair Brendan Carr said in a statement. China's foreign ministry said on Friday, October 30, that it firmly opposes the likely ban, accusing Washington of overstretching the concept of national security and abusing state power to suppress Chinese enterprises; the Chinese Embassy did not immediately comment when Reuters first reported the plan.
The FCC also said on Thursday that it plans to bar IP-enabled service providers that use equipment from companies on its national-security "covered list," including Huawei and ZTE, and that it would ban all Chinese labs from testing US electronics in December 2028 — the laboratory measure was separately adopted on October 29. The agency may also revoke direct number authorizations for Chinese companies it deems to pose national security risks. Other measures under consideration include barring the firms from connecting to US networks and from operating data centers in the United States.
The FCC's published draft works by category rather than naming individual companies: the order to be voted on November 19 would require new applicants and existing holders of VoIP numbering authorizations to certify that they are not entities on the FCC's national-security Covered List or affiliates of such entities, that they use no "covered" communications equipment or services, and that they have not had a section 214 authorization denied or revoked on national-security or law-enforcement grounds. A companion proposed rule would go further, presuming that a Covered List applicant is not qualified to hold a numbering authorization unless it overcomes the presumption by clear and convincing evidence. The US subsidiaries of China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom are all on the FCC Covered List in connection with their section 214 telecommunications services, which is why Reuters and other outlets describe them as facing the ban.
The three Chinese carriers have previously been barred by the FCC from providing international telecommunications services to the United States. The tightening follows rising US concern over telecom security: in late 2024, Washington said a Chinese state-sponsored espionage group known as Salt Typhoon stole consumers' call records and infiltrated US telecommunications infrastructure, and the FBI said this year that threats from Salt Typhoon are "still very much ongoing." In July, the FCC added California-based Digitalsystem Technology to its list of companies posing national security risks, citing links to Chinese telecom firms and its ownership by a Chinese national. China has consistently denied wrongdoing.
Source: Reuters: US plans to ban Chinese telecom firms from direct access to US phone numbers
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于 Washington 的联邦通信委员会（FCC）总部旧址大楼（资料图）。照片：Ser Amantio di Nicolao，CC BY 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The former FCC headquarters building in Washington (file photo). Photo: Ser Amantio di Nicolao, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
