跟进：美国FCC正式通过设备检测实验室互惠规则，2028年12月1日起只认可美国或互惠经济体的实验室
美国联邦通信委员会（Federal Communications Commission，FCC）10月29日在 Washington 表决通过最终规则：在美国销售或使用的电子设备，上市前必须在FCC认可的实验室检测；自2028年12月1日起，FCC只认可位于美国境内或向美国实验室提供互惠认可的国家的实验室，全部检测、认证与认可活动都须在美国或互惠经济体内进行。本站10月7日与10月15日曾报道这项拟议规则将于10月29日表决，本次为表决通过后的正式结果。
FCC表示，过去几十年美国在检测领域放弃互惠原则，绝大多数检测被转移到非互惠经济体，美国检测实验室产业随之外移，削弱了FCC对这一关键项目的监管。目前在美国境内实验室检测的电子设备不到4%，其余绝大部分在不实行互惠的经济体检测。
新规是去年不良实验室（Bad Labs）规则的后续：不良实验室规则禁止由被认定为国家安全威胁的实体（如外国对手）拥有或控制检测实验室，迄今已有29家实验室因此失去FCC认可；FCC还撤销了2家位于非互惠经济体的实验室的认可，并已启动另外2家的撤销程序，原因是这些实验室复制粘贴检测结果，危及消费者安全与通信网络完整性。
FCC为互惠规则列出三项理由：对非互惠经济体的检测诚信缺乏信心，这些司法管辖区缺乏美国直接管辖或政府间互惠框架所支持的监督、透明、问责与执法，且已观察到严重违规的模式；放弃互惠导致检测过度集中于非互惠经济体，形成漏洞并威胁整个设备授权项目的完整性；互惠是国际贸易的基本原则，应当适用于设备检测市场。
这项第三次报告与命令及第三次进一步拟议规则制定通知的文号为 FCC 26-73，案卷号为 ET Docket No. 24-136，由主席 Brendan Carr 与委员 Anna Gomez、Olivia Trusty 表决批准，Brendan Carr 与 Olivia Trusty 另发表单独声明。
Follow-Up: FCC Adopts Device Test Lab Reciprocity Rules, Limiting Recognition From December 1, 2028 to Labs in the U.S. or Reciprocal Economies
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted final rules on October 29 in Washington changing the regime that governs testing of electronic devices used by U.S. consumers. Every electronic device must be tested at an FCC-recognized lab before it can be used or marketed in the United States. Starting December 1, 2028, the FCC will limit its recognition of test labs to those located in the United States or in countries that grant U.S. labs reciprocal recognition, and all testing, certifying and accreditation activities will occur in the U.S. or a reciprocal economy. GSM reported on October 7 and October 15 that this proposal was scheduled for an October 29 vote; this is the adopted result.
The FCC said the U.S. abandoned reciprocity in this area over recent decades, pushing the overwhelming majority of testing to non-reciprocal economies and offshoring the U.S. test lab industry, undermining FCC oversight. Today, less than 4 percent of all electronic devices are tested in labs inside the U.S.
The rules follow last year's Bad Labs rules, which barred test lab ownership or control by entities deemed national security threats, such as foreign adversaries; 29 labs have lost FCC recognition over such ties. The FCC has also withdrawn recognition from two labs in non-reciprocal economies and begun the process for two more, where labs had copied and pasted test results.
The Commission gave three principles for the reciprocity rules: it lacks confidence in the integrity of testing in non-reciprocal economies, where oversight frameworks are absent and a pattern of egregious violations has been observed; abandoning reciprocity created a dangerous overconcentration threatening the equipment authorization program; and reciprocity is a critical principle of international trade that should apply to device testing as a matter of fairness and to protect the U.S. industry.
The action was taken by Third Report and Order and Third Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 26-73, in ET Docket No. 24-136, with Chairman Brendan Carr and Commissioners Anna Gomez and Olivia Trusty approving; Carr and Trusty issued separate statements.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：检测实验室内的技术人员操作精密检测设备（资料图）。经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: A technician operates precision testing equipment in a laboratory (file photo). Via Wikimedia Commons.
