阿拉斯加州北极国家野生动物保护区沿海平原原住民部落与环保组织10月30日请求联邦法官叫停特朗普政府石油租约：指环评低估对北极熊与驯鹿影响
阿拉斯加州北极国家野生动物保护区沿海平原的石油天然气租约之争10月30日出现新进展，原住民部落与环保组织组成的联盟请求联邦法官以简易判决叫停特朗普政府的租约计划。联盟指出，美国内政部的环境评估不当淡化了开发对北极熊的影响，并把能源开发置于保护区的其他用途之上。沿海平原面积约156万英亩，是约12万头驯鹿的重要栖息地，也是受威胁物种北极熊的关键生境，对格威奇人具有深厚的文化意义。这一租约计划最初于2020年启动，2024年曾被暂停，2025年特朗普政府沿用此前受到争议的环境评估将其恢复。2025年3月，法官曾裁定内政部取消租约的做法违法，此后相关案件进入上诉与和解程序，2026年7月司法部就放宽租约销售限制达成和解。联盟此次诉请法官直接裁定租约计划违法，从而在不进入全面庭审的情况下阻止钻探推进。
U.S. Moves to Expand Leasing in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Reversing Rollbacks; Drilling Still Years Away
The Trump administration has moved to expand oil and gas leasing across the full coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska and to reopen areas in the National Petroleum Reserve that the Biden administration had restricted; NPR-A rules took effect on October 29, while the refuge leasing plan is expected to be completed within weeks. Industry groups welcomed the step, while Gwich'in tribal leaders and environmental organizations oppose it and are preparing lawsuits, and the policy could swing again under a new administration in 2029.
There is currently no active drilling in the refuge, and because roads, pipelines and ice infrastructure are lacking, actual drilling remains years away even after legal challenges conclude. Alaska officials estimate that full development could create about 10,000 construction and operations jobs and generate roughly $1.1 billion a year for the state, though an approximately $10 million exploration estimate flagged in reporting could slow the pace. The refuge, home to polar bears, caribou and migratory birds, has been a five-decade battleground between energy development and conservation.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物保护区。Steven Chase, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 摄，Public domain，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska. Photo by Steven Chase, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
