墨西哥民主化元老卡德纳斯逝世享年92岁：1988年大选挑战执政党成改革分水岭
墨西哥左翼元老、前墨西哥城市长夸乌特莫克·卡德纳斯10月28日晚在墨西哥城罗马区（Colonia Roma）的安赫莱斯大都会医院逝世，享年92岁。他1988年挑战执政党候选人的那场总统选举，被普遍视为墨西哥政治改革的分水岭。
卡德纳斯是前总统拉萨罗·卡德纳斯之子，1934年5月1日出生于墨西哥城。他早年为土木工程师，1957年毕业于墨西哥国立自治大学，1976年当选米却肯州参议员，1980年至1986年任该州州长。1987年，他脱离执政的革命制度党，此后参与创立民主革命党并担任首任主席，直至2014年11月25日退党。
1988年大选中，卡德纳斯挑战革命制度党候选人卡洛斯·萨利纳斯。选举之夜，在他得票领先之际，官方计票系统「崩溃」，系统恢复后萨利纳斯被宣布获胜。分析人士与卡德纳斯本人一直认为那场选举被操纵。这场选举促使墨西哥启动政治改革，革命制度党自1929年起的执政地位最终在2000年被推翻。
1997年，卡德纳斯成为墨西哥城首位民选政府首脑。他另外在1994年和2000年两度竞选总统，均名列第三。墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆表示，卡德纳斯在墨西哥当代史上的作用是根本性的，1988年他领导了一场和平的民主运动，承载了数百万墨西哥人求变的愿望。
他的儿子拉萨罗·卡德纳斯·巴特尔也曾任米却肯州州长，并在洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔和辛鲍姆任内担任高级职务。卡德纳斯的遗体将安葬于圣华金法式公墓，与他2021年逝世的妻子塞莱斯特·巴特尔同处。
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, Elder Statesman of Mexico's Democratization, Dies at 92: His 1988 Challenge Became a Watershed for Reform
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, the elder statesman of Mexico's left and a former mayor of Mexico City, died on the evening of October 28 at the Hospital Ángeles Metropolitano in the capital's Colonia Roma district. He was 92. His 1988 presidential challenge to the ruling party is widely seen as the watershed that set Mexico on the path to political reform.
Cárdenas was the son of former President Lázaro Cárdenas and was born in Mexico City on May 1, 1934. Trained as a civil engineer at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, from which he graduated in 1957, he became a senator for Michoacán in 1976 and served as the state's governor from 1980 to 1986. In 1987 he broke with the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), went on to co-found the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and serve as its first president, and remained a member until November 25, 2014.
In the 1988 election, Cárdenas ran against the PRI's Carlos Salinas. On election night, as Cárdenas led, the official vote-counting system 'crashed'; when it was restored, Salinas was declared the winner. Analysts and Cárdenas himself long maintained that the election had been stolen. The election spurred political reforms, and the PRI, in power since 1929, was finally voted out in 2000.
In 1997 Cárdenas became the first elected head of government of Mexico City. He ran for president again in 1994 and 2000, finishing third both times. President Claudia Sheinbaum said his role in Mexico's contemporary history was fundamental, and that in 1988 he led a peaceful democratic movement that embodied the desire for change of millions of Mexicans.
His son, Lázaro Cárdenas Batel, also served as governor of Michoacán and held senior posts under both Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Sheinbaum. Cárdenas will be laid to rest at the Panteón Francés de San Joaquín, alongside his wife Celeste Batel, who died in 2021.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：墨西哥前墨西哥城市长夸乌特莫克·卡德纳斯（2022年摄，资料图）。Former Mexico City mayor Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas (file photo, 2022). CC BY-SA 4.0，经Wikimedia Commons / via Wikimedia Commons.
