宾夕法尼亚州全州竞选广告AI伪造候选人无法可管 州长候选人加里蒂10月29日被曝用AI版夏皮罗
宾夕法尼亚州目前没有任何法律禁止在竞选广告中使用人工智能伪造候选人，甚至不要求加注说明，这一法律空白在距离中期选举不到一周时引发关注。据90.5 WESA 10月29日报道，共和党州长挑战者斯泰西·加里蒂最近发布了一则竞选广告，其中出现了用人工智能生成的对手、民主党现任州长乔什·夏皮罗的影像。
画面上没有任何水印或文字提示观众这是人工智能制作的，广告中的AI版夏皮罗直到约45秒处才披露自己并非真正的夏皮罗。报道指出，宾夕法尼亚州目前没有禁止竞选广告中使用深度伪造技术的法律，也不要求披露。
今年5月，州参议员丽莎·博斯科拉曾发布备忘录，表示计划提出立法，禁止在选举前90天内使用人工智能生成或篡改候选人的视频、音频或图像，但该法案至今尚未正式提出。去年，州众议院曾通过另一项规范竞选广告深度伪造的法案。
随着人工智能工具越来越容易获得，选举广告真实性问题已成为宾夕法尼亚州选民和立法者共同面对的新课题。
Pennsylvania Has No Law Barring AI-Faked Candidates in Campaign Ads; Gubernatorial Challenger Garrity Used an AI Version of Shapiro, WESA Reported October 29
Pennsylvania currently has no law prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence to fake candidates in campaign ads, nor even requiring a disclosure, a legal gap drawing attention less than a week before the midterm elections. According to an October 29 report by 90.5 WESA, Republican gubernatorial challenger Stacy Garrity recently released a campaign ad featuring an AI-generated image of her opponent, incumbent Democratic Governor Josh Shapiro.
There is no watermark or on-screen text telling viewers the video was made with AI, and the AI Shapiro in the ad does not disclose that he is not the real Shapiro until about 45 seconds in. The report noted that Pennsylvania currently has no law banning deepfake technology in campaign ads and does not require disclosure.
In May, state Senator Lisa Boscola issued a memorandum saying she planned to introduce legislation prohibiting the use of AI-generated or AI-altered video, audio or images of candidates in the 90 days before an election, but the bill has not yet been formally introduced. Last year, the state House passed a separate bill regulating campaign-ad deepfakes. As AI tools become ever easier to obtain, the authenticity of election advertising has become a new issue facing Pennsylvania voters and lawmakers alike.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：宾夕法尼亚州州长乔什·夏皮罗 / Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro. Photo: Maryland GovPics, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
