新墨西哥州圣米格尔县拉斯维加斯市州议员10月28日预告保险法案：要求保险公司公开“巨灾模型”、给减灾房主降保费
新墨西哥州圣米格尔县拉斯维加斯市选出的州众议员安妮塔·冈萨雷斯10月28日向州议会临时法院、惩教与司法委员会预告了一项法案，旨在揭开保险公司用以拒绝续保或提高保费的“巨灾模型”的神秘面纱。冈萨雷斯表示，近年来山火高发地区越来越多房主被保险公司取消保单或面临保费上涨，而保险公司依据的复杂模型却不对外公开，房主无从了解自己为何失去保障。根据预告内容，该法案将要求保险公司向房主更充分地说明其评估山火风险的方式，对已采取公认减灾措施的房主给予保费折扣，并为认为保险公司判定有误的房主提供申诉渠道。州保险监管局首席精算师克里斯蒂安·迈尔斯当天在会上承认，保险公司用于定价的风险评估系统在很大程度上仍是一个“黑箱”，这类模型通常模拟成千上万种山火或其他灾害情景，以测算特定邮编区的平均预期损失，并考虑千年一遇极端情景下的赔付情况。冈萨雷斯表示，新墨西哥州房主有权知道保险公司如何做出影响其保障的决定，尤其当这一决定可能让他们失去保险时。该法案计划在即将召开的立法会期正式提出。
Las Vegas, San Miguel County, New Mexico: Lawmaker Previews Insurance Bill on October 28 to Scrutinize Insurers' 'Catastrophe Models' and Give Premium Discounts to Homeowners Who Mitigate Risk
State Rep. Anita Gonzales of Las Vegas, in San Miguel County, New Mexico, on October 28 previewed a bill before the interim Courts, Corrections and Justice Committee that aims to shed light on the 'catastrophe models' insurers use to decline renewals or raise premiums. Gonzales said that in recent years, more homeowners in wildfire-prone areas have had policies canceled or faced premium increases, while the complex models insurers rely on are not public, leaving homeowners with no way to understand why they lost coverage. Under the previewed bill, insurers would be required to provide homeowners with more information about how they evaluate wildfire risk, give premium discounts to homeowners who have taken established risk-reduction steps, and provide a way to appeal determinations homeowners believe are in error. Christian Myers, chief actuary for the state Office of the Superintendent of Insurance, acknowledged at the meeting that the risk-assessment systems insurers use for pricing remain largely a 'black box'; such models typically simulate thousands of wildfire or other disaster scenarios to estimate average expected losses in particular ZIP codes and consider payouts in a once-in-a-1,000-year extreme scenario. Gonzales said New Mexico homeowners deserve to understand how insurers make decisions affecting their coverage, especially when a decision could cost them their insurance. The bill is planned to be formally introduced at the upcoming legislative session.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：资料图：美国国会大厦（立法机构资料图，非新墨西哥州议会大厦），来源为GSM固定图库federal-core包（Wikimedia Commons：New Mexico State Capitol, Santa Fe, New Mexico.jpg，授权 CC BY-SA 2.0，作者 Ken Lund）
