纽森签署行政令保护1号公路：成立跨部门工作组应对厄尔尼诺风暴，Big Sur走廊六年应急支出约3.12亿美元
加州州长 Gavin Newsom 10月27日在橙县 Newport Beach 的 Crystal Cove 州立公园（Crystal Cove State Park）签署两项行政令，为可能来袭的厄尔尼诺风暴做准备：一项专为1号公路（Highway 1）成立跨部门防护工作组，另一项在今年9月厄尔尼诺紧急公告的基础上，赋予州机构更多防洪备灾工具，并加速应急工程审批。
签署地点选在 Crystal Cove，正是因为该公园内一处海崖已出现大裂缝。州长办公室说，厄尔尼诺驱动的海况叠加高潮位与强浪，会显著加剧海岸侵蚀，严重时可令部分沿海公路与铁路不再具备安全通行条件，州政府要在风暴到来之前先完成易损路段的防护。
第一项行政令成立「1号公路工作组」（Highway 1 Task Force），由加州交通署（CalSTA）与加州自然资源署（CNRA）共同牵头，负责摸清走廊易损路段、提出优先行动与资金需求，并设法加快预防性工程的推进。行政令同时要求加州交通厅（Caltrans）在可行范围内优先开展滑坡防治，并要求州立公园部门评估公路封闭与维修对公园及公众进出的影响。
州长办公室公布的数字显示，2020年至2026年，Big Sur 一带1号公路走廊的应急工程支出已累计约3.12亿美元，反复封闭给沿线社区与商家造成的代价持续累积；放眼全美，1980年以来重大天气与气候灾害造成的损失已超过3.3万亿美元。
Newsom 在签署时说，1号公路不只是美国最具标志性的公路，更是沿海经济的动脉——居民靠它通勤、孩子靠它上学、货物靠它进出本地商家、急救人员靠它抵达现场、游客靠它前往海滩。他同时批评联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）在灾害应对上后撤，按其原话，FEMA 向全国社区传递的信息是「灾难来临时，你们只能靠自己」。
第二项行政令接续9月的厄尔尼诺紧急公告，给州机构增添降低洪水风险、保护社区与关键基础设施的工具；有应急工程加速审批需求的公共机构，可通过加州自然资源署办理相关简化程序，赶在风暴季前把防灾工程落地。
Caltrans 已在全州展开备灾：巡检并疏通集水井、沟渠与涵洞，检查水泵；在野火烧痕等高危走廊附近预置沙袋与泥沙控制材料；检查除雪、防雪崩设备、应急发电机与燃料储备；全州120多个维护站备妥风暴响应装备与物资，约1,300台冬季作业设备可随时调派；全部12个分区的人员已准备转入全天候值守与12小时应急班次。
州交通厅长 Toks Omishakin 说，各部门正通过加固易损路段、预置关键设备强化应急准备。自然资源署署长 Wade Crowfoot 说，今年厄尔尼诺的海况被近海海洋热浪「加压」，海平面已经抬升约一英尺。Caltrans 局长 Dina El-Tawansy 说，行政令强化了该厅主动维护与协同规划的部署。州紧急服务办公室主任 Caroline Thomas Jacobs 与州立公园局长 Armando Quintero 也分别谈到跨机构协同疏散保障与游客安全、公众进出。
加州公路巡警（CHP）提醒驾驶人：出行前用 Caltrans QuickMap 查封闭与路况；湿滑路面减速、加大跟车距离，降雨时不用巡航定速；检查轮胎与雨刷，需要连续使用雨刷时打开大灯；绝不驾车穿过积水路段，遇水掉头改道。CHP 将持续监测路况并与交通、应急部门协同处置。
州长办公室介绍，厄尔尼诺指东太平洋海表温度周期性升暖，通常会给加州带来更频繁、更强的风暴，并伴随洪水、滑坡、泥石流与海岸侵蚀；今年「开尔文波」已经推高海平面并造成沿海洪水，离岸太平洋飓风掀起的强浪持续冲击加州海岸。
关联：加州交通厅通告：洛杉矶县太平洋海岸公路与 Topanga Canyon 大道 10 月 27 日至 30 日间歇单车道封闭
关联：橙县：太平洋海岸公路 Crystal Cove 段因悬崖裂缝封闭一条车道，Caltrans 启动紧急稳定工程
Newsom Signs Executive Order to Protect Highway 1: Interagency Task Force Formed as Big Sur Corridor Emergency Spending Tops $312 Million Since 2020
California Governor Gavin Newsom on October 27 signed two executive orders at Crystal Cove State Park in Newport Beach, Orange County, as the state prepares for potentially dangerous El Niño storms: one creating an interagency task force to protect Highway 1, and another building on his September El Niño emergency proclamation to strengthen flood preparedness and speed emergency approvals for state agencies.
The signing site was chosen because a major bluff crack has opened elsewhere in the park. The Governor's Office said El Niño-driven ocean conditions, combined with high tides and powerful surf, can significantly worsen coastal erosion to the point where some coastal roads and rail lines are no longer safe to travel on, and that preventive work must happen before storms hit.
The first order creates a Highway 1 Task Force, led by the California State Transportation Agency and the California Natural Resources Agency, to identify vulnerable stretches of the corridor, recommend priority actions and funding needs, and find ways to get preventive work done faster. The order also directs Caltrans to prioritize landslide prevention where practicable, and State Parks to assess how closures and repairs could affect parks and public access.
Emergency project expenditures on the Big Sur Highway 1 corridor totaled approximately $312 million from 2020 through 2026, according to the Governor's Office, while nationwide, major weather and climate disasters have cost more than $3.3 trillion since 1980.
"Highway 1 is more than our nation's most iconic roadway. It keeps our coastal economy moving," Newsom said at the signing, noting that residents rely on it to get to work, children to school, goods to local businesses, first responders to emergencies, and visitors to the beaches. He also criticized the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), saying in his words that Trump's FEMA is sending communities the message: "when disaster strikes, you're on your own."
The second order builds on the September El Niño emergency proclamation, giving state agencies additional tools to reduce flood risks and protect communities and critical infrastructure. Public agencies seeking emergency streamlining for storm preparedness work can go through the California Natural Resources Agency.
Caltrans crews are inspecting and clearing catch basins, ditches and culverts and checking pumps; staging sandbags and sediment-control materials near vulnerable locations including wildfire burn scars; checking snow-removal and avalanche-control equipment, emergency generators and fuel supplies; and preparing storm-response equipment at more than 120 maintenance yards statewide, with approximately 1,300 pieces of winter operations equipment available for deployment. Crews across all 12 Caltrans districts are ready to shift to around-the-clock operations and 12-hour emergency shifts.
California Transportation Secretary Toks Omishakin said departments are strengthening vulnerable roadways and prepositioning critical equipment. Secretary for Natural Resources Wade Crowfoot said this year's El Niño conditions are "super-charged" by a marine heat wave that has already raised sea levels by a full foot. Caltrans Director Dina El-Tawansy said the order reinforces the department's proactive maintenance and coordinated planning, while Cal OES Director Caroline Thomas Jacobs and State Parks Director Armando Quintero spoke to interagency coordination, evacuation routes, visitor safety and public access.
The California Highway Patrol urges drivers to check Caltrans QuickMap for closures and conditions before traveling, slow down and leave more room on wet roads, avoid cruise control in wet conditions, check tires and wipers, turn on headlights when wipers are in continuous use, and never drive through floodwater. Officers will continue monitoring conditions statewide.
El Niño refers to the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean, which often produces more frequent and intense storms over California, bringing flooding, landslides, debris flows and erosion. This year, "Kelvin waves" have already raised sea levels and caused coastal flooding attributed to El Niño, the Governor's Office said.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：签署地点所在的 Crystal Cove 州立公园海滩与海崖（Newport Beach）。NorbertNagel 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: The beach and coastal bluffs at Crystal Cove State Park in Newport Beach, where the executive orders were signed. By NorbertNagel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
