加州公共卫生厅发布儿童铅筛查新规问答：99.3% 邮编区列为高风险，儿童 1 岁与 2 岁须验血铅
加州公共卫生厅（CDPH）在 10 月 25 日至 31 日全国铅中毒预防周期间，就已生效的儿童铅筛查扩大新规发布面向医疗提供者的问答与指引。新规已于 2026 年 7 月 6 日生效：CDPH 将全州 99.3% 的邮政编码区列为至少带一项铅暴露地理风险指标，几乎所有加州儿童都被视为有铅暴露风险，应在 1 岁和 2 岁时接受血铅检测。
据 CDPH 的筛查护理标准，所有参加 Medi-Cal 或其他面向低收入家庭公共资助项目的儿童，必须在 12 个月和 24 个月大时接受血铅检测，错过任一次须补检；不在公共资助项目内的儿童，若在 12 个月和 24 个月评估时按风险标准被判定有风险——包括居住地所在邮编区——同样须接受检测。新规所称「儿童」指 21 岁以下人士。医疗提供者还须在儿童 6 个月至 6 岁期间的每次定期健康评估中，向家长提供铅暴露风险与影响的预先指导。
CDPH 列出的其他风险因素包括：居住或经常停留在 1978 年前建造的房屋、学校等建筑内；家庭成员从事涉铅工作或活动；儿童有异食行为；曾在其他国家居住或旅行；以及与血铅水平升高者密切接触。CDPH 表示，其儿童铅中毒预防处（CLPPB）正依据新规更新网页、材料与管理指南，帮助医生理解更新后的筛查与随访要求。
关联：全国铅中毒预防周10月25日至31日举行：三大联邦机构联合倡导「让孩子远离铅危害」
California Department of Public Health Issues Guidance on Expanded Childhood Lead Screening: 99.3% of ZIP Codes Flagged High Risk
During National Lead Poisoning Prevention Week, October 25 to 31, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) issued guidance and a new FAQ for health care providers on the state's expanded childhood lead screening regulations. The updated regulations took effect on July 6, 2026. CDPH identifies 99.3% of California ZIP codes as having at least one geospatial indicator of risk for childhood lead exposure, and says almost all California children are at risk of lead exposure and should get a blood lead test at ages one and two.
Under CDPH's standard of care, all children enrolled in Medi-Cal or other publicly funded programs for low-income families must receive blood lead testing at 12 months and at 24 months of age, with catch-up testing if either test is missed. Children not in publicly funded programs must also be tested at those ages if, in the provider's professional judgment, they are at risk under the specified criteria, including where they live. For purposes of the regulations, a child is a person under 21 years of age. Providers are also required to give parents anticipatory guidance about the risks and effects of childhood lead exposure at each periodic assessment from 6 months to 6 years of age.
Other risk factors listed by CDPH include living or spending time in a home, school or other building constructed before 1978; having a household member involved in lead-related work or activities; pica behavior; residence in or travel to another country; and close contact with someone who has an elevated blood lead level. CDPH said its Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch (CLPPB) is updating its web pages, materials and management guidelines to reflect the new requirements.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：实验室技术人员检视血液样本管（资料图）。CC BY 2.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: A laboratory technician examining a blood sample tube (file photo). CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
