美国教育部调查加州三学区：学生被要求答「特权轮盘」问卷，涉性取向、家庭收入等隐私
美国教育部（ED）学生隐私政策办公室（SPPO）10月26日宣布，对加州三家学区启动调查：位于加州的 North Monterey County Unified School District、Palo Alto Unified School District 与 San Francisco Unified School District 被指在未取得家长同意、甚至家长不知情的情况下，要求学生透露本人与家庭的私密信息，涉嫌违反联邦家长权利法律。调查将认定三家学区是否违反《学生权利保护修正案》（PPRA）——该法要求学校在让学生参与会透露受保护信息的问卷调查之前，必须通知家长并取得家长书面同意。
教育部称，据公开报道，三家学区在必修的「族裔研究」（Ethnic Studies）课程中，要求学生参加「权力／特权轮盘」（Wheel of Power/Privilege）和／或「绘制我的身份」（Mapping My Identities）活动。这类问卷要求学生填写性取向、性别认同、身心健康状况、家庭经济状况与种族等个人信息，再据此判定自己的「特权等级」。家长还指控，学区对家长查阅族裔研究课程的要求不予回应，或只允许家长查阅其中一部分。
学生隐私政策办公室主任 Frank Miller 表示：「加州的学校似乎在不让家长参与的情况下，大量收集学生受保护的私密信息，令人严重担忧他们刻意把孩子最敏感的信息对家长保密。学生不应在家长不知情、未同意的情况下，被迫说出自己与家庭的私密细节。加州教育界必须停止损害家长权利，我们将与这些学区合作，使其完全符合联邦法律。」
PPRA 还要求学校应家长要求开放全部课程供查阅。教育部说明，SPPO 在2025年3月与2026年8月发布的「亲爱的同事」函件中，已强调并澄清这些法定要求；今年10月5日，教育部与司法部还联名致函各州总检察长，提示其注意 SPPO 的最新指引，并对各地学区在校园心理健康筛查上不遵守联邦家长权利法律表示关切。教育部指出，违反 PPRA 可能导致执法行动，并可能失去联邦拨款。
U.S. Department of Education Opens Investigations into Three California Districts over 'Wheel of Privilege' Survey
The U.S. Department of Education's (ED) Student Privacy Policy Office (SPPO) on Oct. 26 opened investigations into three California school districts for allegedly violating federal parental rights laws. North Monterey County Unified School District, Palo Alto Unified School District, and San Francisco Unified School District reportedly require students to reveal intimate details about themselves and their families without parental consent or knowledge. The investigations will determine whether the districts violated the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA), which requires schools to notify parents and obtain their written consent before surveying students on topics that would reveal protected information.
According to public reporting cited by the department, the districts require students to participate in 'Wheel of Power/Privilege' and/or 'Mapping My Identities' activities as part of mandated Ethnic Studies curricula. The questionnaires require students to identify personal information such as their sexual orientations, gender identities, mental and physical health conditions, family economic status, and race, and students are then asked to determine their 'privilege status' based on the information they provide. Parents also allege that the districts were not responsive to requests to review the Ethnic Studies curriculum, or allowed parents to review only parts of it.
'Schools in California seem to be collecting a myriad of protected and private information on students without involving parents, raising serious concerns that they deliberately keep parents in the dark about the most sensitive information pertaining to their children,' said Frank Miller, Director of the Student Privacy Policy Office. 'Students should not be pressured into identifying intimate details about themselves and their families without parental awareness and consent. Education leaders in California must stop undermining parental rights and we will work with these Districts to bring them into full compliance with federal laws.'
PPRA also requires schools to make all curriculum available for review to parents upon request. The department said SPPO's Dear Colleague letters issued in March 2025 and August 2026 emphasized and clarified these statutory obligations, and that on Oct. 5, 2026, ED and the U.S. Department of Justice wrote to all state attorneys general pointing them to SPPO's guidance and expressing concerns about districts' lack of compliance regarding mental health screenings conducted in schools. Violations of PPRA can lead to enforcement actions and potential loss of federal funding, the department said.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国教育部总部Lyndon Baines Johnson大楼入口（资料图）。G. Edward Johnson摄，CC BY 4.0，经Wikimedia Commons。Photo: Entrance of the U.S. Department of Education headquarters, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Building (file photo). By G. Edward Johnson, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
