跟进：俄罗斯炼厂10月上调柴油产量：出口配额落地后日产量回升至约18万吨，载4万吨柴油的油轮已驶往纽约

据路透社10月26日报道，俄罗斯炼油企业10月正在提高柴油产量：克里姆林宫与美国达成柴油供应协议后，俄政府已发放出口配额，两名接近此事的行业消息人士称，俄柴油日产量在配额于10月中旬落地后已回升至约18万吨；伦敦证券交易所集团（LSEG）航运数据显示，一艘载有4万吨俄罗斯柴油、驶往纽约的马耳他船旗油轮已于10月23日出现在追踪系统中。

前情是10月9日达成的美俄柴油协议：特朗普当时表示，普京已同意向美国与全球市场供应俄罗斯柴油，美方临时解除对俄燃料的制裁；俄方随后确认协议。按特朗普当时公布的安排，俄罗斯将立即交付30多万吨柴油，11月再交付50万吨，其后交付100万吨，并视俄炼厂状况再供应300万吨。

俄罗斯自8月起实施柴油出口禁令，炼油企业此前只能按俄罗斯国内需求削减产量，另按政府间协议向中亚国家供应有限数量。交易人士表示，俄政府自10月1日起已在禁令中开出豁免、以配额方式放行用于履行对美协议的出口。

产量数字显示转向已经发生：行业消息人士称，俄罗斯柴油日产量10月上半月降至约16万吨，低于9月的约17.5万吨；在新的出口配额于10月中旬下达后，产量开始回升、逼近每日18万吨。同期俄罗斯国内消费因秋收结束与夏季驾驶季结束等季节因素，通常降至每日约14万吨。

按此计算，俄罗斯每日至少有4万吨、每月超过100万吨柴油可供出口；消息人士称，其中约20万至30万吨可能需要先供应邻国。消息人士预计，俄政府会保留出口禁令、以配额调控出口，并监测国内市场与产量变化。

克里姆林宫发言人 Dmitry Peskov 10月23日表示，在首艘油轮启程后，俄罗斯对美柴油发运将常态化进行。

关联：

特朗普与普京通话后宣布进口俄柴油：财政部临时豁免制裁至 2027 年 4 月

Follow-Up: Russian Refiners Raise Diesel Output in October as Export Quotas Land, Output Back Toward 180,000 Tons a Day

Russian refiners are raising diesel production in October after the government granted export quotas following the Kremlin's supply agreement with the United States, Reuters reported on October 26, citing two industry sources close to the matter. Output has climbed back toward 180,000 metric tons a day since the quotas arrived in mid-October, and LSEG tracking data showed a Malta-flagged tanker carrying 40,000 tons of Russian diesel bound for New York appearing on tracking systems on October 23.

The move follows the October 9 U.S.-Russia diesel deal: President Donald Trump said Vladimir Putin had agreed to supply Russian diesel to the United States and global markets, with the U.S. temporarily lifting sanctions on Russian fuel, and Russia confirmed the agreement. Under the schedule Trump announced, Russia would deliver more than 300,000 tons immediately, another 500,000 tons in November and 1 million tons straight after, plus a further 3 million tons depending on the condition of its refineries.

Russia's diesel export ban had been in effect since August, forcing refiners to cut production to match domestic needs while supplying limited volumes to Central Asian countries under intergovernmental agreements. Traders said that from October 1 the government allowed exemptions to the ban, issuing quotas enabling Russia to supply fuel under the Trump deal.

Industry sources said Russian diesel output fell in the first half of October to about 160,000 tons a day, from 175,000 tons a day in September, and began rising toward 180,000 tons a day after the new export quotas arrived mid-month. Domestic consumption typically falls to about 140,000 tons a day in October as the grains harvest and the summer driving season end.

That leaves at least 40,000 tons a day, or more than 1 million tons a month, available for export, though about 0.2 million to 0.3 million tons of that may be needed for neighboring countries, the sources added. They expected the government to keep the ban in place and use quotas to regulate exports, monitoring the domestic market and production changes.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on October 23 that Russian diesel shipments to the United States would continue on a regular basis after the first tanker departed.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：炼油厂与油轮暮色资料图（瑞典 Preemraff 炼油厂，非俄罗斯境内、非涉事油轮）。照片：W.carter，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。

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